1003PSY Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology

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Humans must process the visual world in a meaningful way for effective behaviour and one way the brain does this is via the cognitive mechanism of visual attention. Visual attention is like a spotlight which allows us to focus our processing on a small area of the visual world at a time (e.g., Posner et al.,1980). For example, when watching videos on YouTube, one might focus their spotlight of attention on the video player and ignore push notifications coming from an email inbox. Likewise, one might use the spotlight to focus vision on the text on a page, or on the road in front of them while driving (Ball et al., 1993; Facoetti et al., 2003). Given that the spotlight is important for several daily tasks, it is important to understand factors which influence its operation. Indeed, past research indicates that there is individual variation in the size of the attention spotlight for different people (Figure 1). First, some work suggests that older adults tend to have a smaller attention spotlight compared to younger adults (Lawrence et al., 2018). Second, basketball and soccer experts may have a larger spotlight of attention compared to novices (Hüttermann et al., 2014). Finally, and of interest to the current study, some have observed a relationship between personality and attention spotlight size (e.g., Wilson et al., 2016). Here, personality can be thought of as “the enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour expressed in different circumstances” (Burton et al., 2019, p. 707).

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