3203ENG - Renewable Energy Systems Assignment

Assignment Task

Problem 1: Renewable Energy and Australia’s Electricity Generation

In 2014/2015 Australia’s electricity generation was 255 TWh of which 15.3% was generated from renewable energy resources [BREE 2014]. Gross electricity generation is projected to grow by nearly 30 per cent (or 0.8 per cent a year) from 255 terawatt hours in 2014-15 to 332 terawatt hours in 2049-50. Suppose Australia has a renewable energy target that requires 20% of its electricity supply to be generated from renewable energy resources by 2049-50. Problem 1 Table 1 Electricity generation, by state and territory (TWh) (Source: BREE, 2014)

(1) What amount of electricity must be generated from renewable resources in 2049/50 If the annual growth rate in electricity demand is 2.5% from 2015/2016 to 2020/2021?

(2) What is the percentage share of gross electricity output for each state for 2014/15 and 2049/50?

(3) What is the projected annual growth in electricity generation for each state and Australia from 2014/15 to 2049/50?

(4) What are the factors that might affect projected growth in electricity generation in Australia by 2049/50?

(5) Suggest a mix of renewable energy resources to meet this demand and identify the contribution from each renewable energy resource. [Use the categories listed in Table 2). You may not need to include all categories in your mix of resources.]

(6) Estimate the installed capacity required for each of the renewable electricity generation classes. Clearly state and explain any assumptions you make in your analysis

Problem 2: Solar Hot Water

Tests were carried out on a glazed flat-plate solar collector for a solar hot water system. The results are given in Table Question 2. In these tests, the efficiency of the solar flat-plate was measured over a range of water inlet temperature (Ti), ambient temperature (TA) and solar irradiance (G). The transmittance (or transmissivity), τ, of the glass cover is 0.97 and the absorbance (absorptivity), α, of the collector surface is 0.92. The collector has a gross area of 3.96 m2 .

For this solar collector calculate the following:

(1) The collector heat removal factor, FR.

(2) The overall heat transfer coefficient, UL (express your answer in W/m2K).

(3) The rate at which the collector can deliver useful energy (that is, the power output from the collector) when the solar irradiance incident of the collector is 750 W/m2 , the ambient temperature is 15 oC and the water inlet temperature is 28 oC.

(4) The stagnation temperature for this collector under the conditions of part (3).

Problem 3: Shading on a solar collector

A resident is considering installing a 4.2 m2 solar collector on the rooftop of her house. The house is located at a latitude 30o 18’ South and longitude 153o 8’ East. These coordinates correspond to the location of Coffs Harbour in New South Wales. There are buildings and tall trees nearby which may cast a shadow on the collector for some days in the year. Measurements are made of the positions of these objects from the site where it is planned to locate the collector. The solar azimuth and solar height (altitude) angles of the outline of the objects are recorded in the table below (Table Question 3).

(1). Use appropriate software to draw a sun path diagram for the specified location.

(2). Construct a shading diagram on your sun path diagram. (You may do this manually or with the software used to draw the sun path diagram).

(3). Estimate the hours of sunlight and the times of the day when sunlight will reach the collector on the following days:

(i) The equinoxes

(ii) The winter solstice

(iii) The summer solstice.

Ensure you clearly identify if the times you give are solar time or local time

Problem 4:

With reference to the data in Table below, extracted from the Australian Energy Update 2019, answer the following questions:

(1). What is Australia’s major renewable energy resource currently being utilised in our electricity generation?

(2). Which renewable energy resources had the largest increase in production over the period from 2006/07 to 2017/18? Answer this question in absolute terms as well as percentage changes.

(3). Which renewable energy resource has had the fastest growth rate in utilisation?

(4). Which renewable energy resource has had the largest decline in absolute amount? Why has this occurred?

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