401210 Health Variations - Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Conditions - Pharmacology and Pathophysiology - Nursing Assessment Answer

Assessment Task:

401210 Health Variations Nursing Assessment Answer

Assumed Knowledge:

Primary health care, foundational knowledge of human biological sciences including human body systems, basic concepts in pharmacology and pathophysiology and the National Health Priorities and the relationship to nursing practice.

Outcome

1 Explain the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostic procedures related to National Health Priority areas concerning acute exacerbations of chronic conditions arising in the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and musculoskeletal body systems

2 Discuss the implications for nursing practice in relation to caring for people with acute exacerbations of chronic conditions affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and musculoskeletal body systems

3 Describe the nursing role and responsibilities in the use of appropriate pharmacological interventions related to acute exacerbations of chronic conditions arising in the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and musculoskeletal body systems

4 Apply evidence-based rationales for nursing strategies used to problem-solve the needs of the person who has an acute exacerbation of a chronic condition affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and musculoskeletal body systems

5 Apply critical thinking and digital literacy skills to access and evaluate data relevant to the provision of effective nursing management of people across the lifespan with an acute exacerbation of a chronic condition

Aim of assessment

The purpose of this assessment is to enable students to:

1. Explain in a visual format (concept map) the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, management, course, prognosis, and prevention of systolic heart failure (Learning outcomes 1 and 5).

2. Explain the underlying pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations of an acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure (Learning outcomes 1 and 5).

3. Discuss nursing strategies and evidence-based rationales to manage a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure - acute pulmonary oedema (Learning outcomes 2, 4 and 5).

4. Describe the nursing role and responsibilities in the use of pharmacological interventions related to an acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure (Learning outcomes 3 and 5).

Details

You are to develop a concept map for the topic systolic heart failure and answer three questions related to an acute exacerbation systolic heart failure. References are to include six (6) recent, relevant references including journal articles, textbook material and evidence-based resources.

Case Study

Mrs Brown, a 78-year-old female, was admitted to the Emergency Department at 6am after waking up with severe breathlessness. Her family informed you that the patient has a history of heart failure that had been diagnosed two years ago. On admission to the Emergency Department the signs & symptoms were:

– Severe dyspnoea

– Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute

– SpO2 85%, on room air

– BP 170/95mmHg

– The pulse rate of 120 beats/minute

– Auscultation of lungs identifies bilateral basal crackles

Question

1. Explain the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented
2. Discuss two high priority nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown and provide evidence-based rationales for these strategies.
3. Two of the drugs that were given to Mrs Brown were IV Furosemide (Lasix) and sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN). a. Discuss the mechanism of action of these two drugs, and relate to the underlying pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure.

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