A Butterfly Valve is a Flow Control Device, Typically Used to Regulate a Fluid Flowing - Engineering Assignment Help

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Introduction

A Butterfly valve is a flow control device, typically used to regulate a fluid flowing through a section of a pipe. The valve is similar in operation to a ball valve. A plate or disc is positioned in the center of the pipe. The disc has a rod through it connected to an actuator on the outside of the valve. Rotating the actuator turns the disc either parallel or perpendicular to the flow; therefore a pressure drop is always induced in the flow, regardless of valve position.

BUTTERFLY-VALVE-CK[1]

Fig 3.1 Butterfly valve with worm gear arrangement

A butterfly valve is from a family of valves called quarter-turn valves. The “butterfly” is a metal disc mounted on a rod. When the valve is closed, the disc is turned so that it completely blocks off the pass way. When the valve is fully open, the disc is fully rotated a quarter turn so that it allows an almost unrestricted passage of the fluid. The valve may also be opened incrementally to regulate flow.

There are different kinds of butterfly valves, each adapted for different pressures and different usage. The resilient butterfly valve, which uses the flexibility of rubber, has the lowest pressure ratings. The high performance butterfly valve, used in slightly higher pressure systems, features a slight offset in the way the disc is positioned, which increases the valves sealing ability and decreases its tendency to wear. The valve is best suited for high-pressure systems is the tricentric butterfly valve, which makes use of a metal seat , and is therefore able to withstand a greater amount of pressure.

3.2 Structure

Butterfly valves are valves with circular body and rotary motion disk closure member which is pivotally supported by its stem. A butterfly valve can appear in various styles, including eccentric and high-performance valves. These are normally a type of valve that uses flat plate to control the flow of water. As well as this, butterfly valves are used on firefighting apparatus and typically are used on large lines, such as front and rear suction ports and tank to pump lines. A butterfly valve is also a type of flow control device, used to make a fluid start or stop flowing through a section of pipe. The valve is similar in operation to a ball valve. Rotating the handle turns the plate either parallel or perpendicular to the flow of water, shutting off the flow. It is very well known and well used design.

Chapter 4

LITERARY SURVEY-2

FUNDEMENTALS OF METAL CASTING

4.1 Introduction

The casting process basically involves

(a) Pouring the molten metal into the mold patterned after the part to be manufactured

(b) Allowing it to cool.

(c) Removing the metal from the mold.

As with all other manufacturing processes, an understanding of the fundamentals is essential-both for the production of good quality and economical castings, and to establish proper techniques for mold design and casting practice. Important considerations in casting operations are as follows

1. The flow of molten metal into the mold cavity.

2. The solidification and cooling of metal in the mold cavity.

3. The influence of the type of the mold material.

This chapter describes the relationship among the many factors involved in casting. The flow of molten metal into the mold cavity is discussed in terms of mold design and fluid flow characteristics. Solidification and cooling of metals in the mold are affected by several factors, including the metallurgical and thermal properties of metal. This type of mold has an important influence because it affects the rate of cooling of the metal in the mold. Factors influencing the defect formation are also described.

After molten metal is poured into the mold, a series of events takes place during the solidification of casting and its cooling to ambient temperature. These events greatly influence the size, shape, uniformity, and chemical composition of the grains formed throughout the castings, which in turn influences its overall properties. The significant factors influencing these events are the type of metal; the thermal properties of both the metal and the mold; the geometric relationship between volume and surface of the casting, and the shape of the mold.

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