Alcohol or Drug Addiction, or Severe Psychiatric Illness - Essay Writing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Participants

Participants consisted of 44 healthy volunteers, aged between 18 to 35 years old and were randomly assigned to a drug group. Each group was either administered (A) placebo+placebo (N=11, M = 1.64, SD = .15, four males and seven females), (B) placebo + GABA (N=12, M = 1.58, SD = 1.49, five males and seven females),(C) tyrosine + placebo (N= 11, M = 1.73, SD = .14, three males and eight females) and (D) tyrosine + GABA (N= 10, M = 1.70, SD = .15, three males and seven females). All participants were given an information sheet regarding the study which included the exclusion criteria: individuals suffering from cardiac, hepatic, renal or any neurological disorders, were pregnant or had a history of alcohol or drug addiction, or severe psychiatric illness (including a history of taking antidepressants). Also, individuals who suffered from migraine/headaches or had a history of taking TYR supplements were excluded from taking part in the study. Additionally, all participants were asked to fast for a minimum of two hours before completing the study. Before the completion of the study participants were asked to give written consent, which was obtained by all participants. The study was approved by the ethics committee at Sheffield Hallam University.

Drug Administration

Participants were randomly assigned to receive either microcrystalline cellulose (placebo), 2 grams of TYR or 800mgs of a synthetic GABA (Rizzo et al, 2001) dissolved in a 250ml drink of a non-sugary orange juice. Two grams of TYR has been indicated to improve various factors of cognitive abilities when compared to the placebo group (Young, 2007). Furthermore, the administration of TYR had the protocols to activate various small side effects, however the current study is using a small dose compared to other studies which included the use of TYR (Kishore et al, 2013). The most common side effects of GABA individuals have said to have experienced are temporary suffering from headaches, nausea, fatigue, joint pain and heartburn (Byun et al, 2018). The reported side effects for GABA only tend to be experienced by individuals given a very high dose (above 3000 mg) therefore there is a small chance of side effects appearing from the amount of GABA used in the present study. A synthetic GABA will be given to participants as it is less unpleasant for participants, however it will have a similar effect on DA suppression as using a GABA antagonist. Many studies have modified stress levels and action selection by using a synthetic GABA supplement which successfully increased action selection compared to the placebo group (Steenbergen et al, 2015b).

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