Behind the Global Economy's Increasing Speed and Prosperity - Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Background of the study

Behind the global economy's increasing speed and prosperity, there is negative impact of a reduction in environmental sustainability is associated with the exponential growth of manufacturing, carbon retention and other greenhouse gases, which slowly expand over time (Martinez, 2005). In recent times there has been an increasing trend in the subject of corporate governance and its implementation into the framework of sustainability (Cuesta and Valor 2013; Galbreath 2013; Kolk and Pinkse 2009). Environmental, social and corporate governance concerns are now seen as essential and vital elements of the success of corporations. But the research on the effect of corporate governance issues on transparency of sustainability is also limited and has started mainly based on developing countries (Jo and Harjoto 2012; Michelon and Parbonetti 2012; Rao, Tilt and Lester 2012).
Carbon disclosure helps firms to retain support from stakeholders and also identify the possible risk in performing environmental operations and reduce their impacts. Since the decision is often made by boards, it is necessary to understand the degree of environmental monitoring done by a business according to their board’s nature (Kathyayini et al., 2012). Good corporate governance structures have been shown to commonly raise the degree of corporate transparency (Lakhal, 2005), but limited study has been done to determine how this still relates to environmental transparency. Hence, this report helps to investigate the efficacy of governance frameworks on voluntary transparency, in particularly carbon transparency.
This research is based on summary of 72 articles related to carbon disclosure which are given in table 1. The articles are group by two panel; Panel A (article reviewed by source journal) and Panel B (article reviewed by topic).
Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Breakdown of articles reviewedPanel A: Article reviewed (by source journal) Number of articles reviewed

• Journal of Business ethics 12
• International accounting review 9
• Journal of accounting and public policy 5
• Corporate governance 3
• Journal of management review 6
• Sustainability 2
• Journal of applied management accounting research 1
• Corporate social responsibility and environment management 3
• Journal of law and economics 1
• Accounting and business research 4
• Business strategy and environment 1
• Journal of financial management and accounting 3
• Journal of accounting and economics 2
• Environmental Law 1
• Journal of management and governance 1
• Applied mechanics and material 1

Research objective and research question

The main aim of this report is to investigate carbon disclosure with respect to company’s corporate governance, in particular board size and board independence. This research also aims to find the significant relationship between them based on Australian context. Hence, according to this objective of research, following research question is developed.
What is the relationship between company’s carbon disclosure with its board size and board independence?
Significance of ResearchThis subject is essential because climate change is a very significant issue (Saka and Oshika, 2014), and so carbon information has become highly important to stakeholders (Luo and Tang, 2014a, 2014b, 2015; Rankin et al., 2011; Tang and Luo, 2014; Luo et al., 2013). But there is evidence that companies choose to disclose certain false data (Kolk et al., 2008). Good Corporate Governance is considered to enhance the management's obligation to stakeholders for the performance of a company. Accordingly, recognizing board's position with social responsibility would help businesses to improve carbon accountability and reduce carbon emissions. Almost all of the past environmental accounting research were conducted in the United States or the United Kingdom, although the legislative regimes, ownership frameworks and performance of corporate governance and carbon disclosure differ greatly between Australia and the United States / UK (Craswell et al., 1997; Dignam and Galanis, 2004; Khan et al. ,2014). Therefore, outcomes from previous work may not be valid in Australia. This research analyzes the carbon disclosure with application of stakeholder theory. Moreover, it tests the significant relationship between carbon disclosure with board size and board independence.
Literature review, hypothesis development and conceptual frameworkLiterature reviewLiterature review for dependent, independent and control variable used in this proposal are defined below:
Dependent variableCarbon Disclosure
Previous work focused primarily on exploring the connection between different company features and general social and environmental disclosures. In line with raising issues regarding climate change problems, an increasing number of reports have examined corporations' carbon emissions activities in various country contexts. For example, Prado-Lorenzo et al. (2009) examined variables affecting the country-wide sample of companies' carbon emission disclosures. Their results showed that company size and market capitalization have a substantial and beneficial impact on the reporting. From a survey of major corporations from 15 countries, Luo et al. (2013) concluded that financial capital plays a crucial role in business decisions related to reporting of carbon emissions. A significant number of recent research has found that corporate governance is an influential factor influencing the standard of the disclosure of company data, such as the size of the board of directors, the number of independent directors and the two-in-one nature of the role of chairman and general manager (Peng et al, 2014). Shaukat et al. pointed that the larger the board of directors, and the higher the level of corporate governance, the higher the level of disclosure of company information (Shaukat et al., 2016). Fodio and Oba considered the greater the board's independence, the greater the firm's standard of carbon disclosure (Fodio & Oba, 2012).
List of articles related to carbon disclosure are presented below
 

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