BIOL122 - Human Biological Science Assignment

Assignment Task

Questions

1. Can I explain the main features of capillary circulation with emphasis on the significance of bulk flow and Starling forces?

2. Can I define the term oedema, and can I explain the fundamental reasons of oedema formation (with relevant examples)?

3. Can I explain the difference between sterilization and disinfection and articulate which is (more) appropriate in different situations?

4. Can I explain what we mean by ‘chain of infections’, and can I discuss how the individual elements of this chain can be broken to prevent spread of infections

5. Can I differentiate between non-specific and specific immunity?

6. Can I describe the various types of immunoglobulins and their main characteristics— including the sequence of their production after an exposure to an antigen?

7. Can I explain of (and provide examples for) the four types of immunity?

8. Can I succinctly and professionally explain how vaccinations work (including the types of vaccines and their advantages/disadvantages)? Please refrain from submitting the ‘vaccines teach the immune system how to fight a disease’ nonsense.

9. Can I give a reason for why vaccinations against influenza need to be repeated every year? 

10. Can I define the term ‘opportunistic infection’?

11. Can I differentiate between LDL and HDL and explain their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

12. Can I describe each and every step of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis—from endothelial stress to complicated atherosclerotic plaques?

13. Can I list risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, and can I explain how cigarette smoking may lead to atherosclerosis?

14. Can I define the terms ischaemia, hypoxia, and aerobic/anaerobic metabolism?

15. Can I explain the pathogenesis of CAD (including angina and myocardial infarction)? Further, can I differentiate between stable and unstable angina, and can I explain the difference between their clinical manifestations?

16. Can I describe the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, and can I explain how this condition may be diagnosed?

17. Can I explain the mechanism and possible consequences of thrombus formation?

18. Can I describe and interpret the three elements of the Virchow’s triad?

19. Can I explain how mean arterial pressure depends on total peripheral resistance and cardiac output, and can I describe how various medications used for the management of hypertension affect these parameters?

20. Can I explain how sympathetic activity and altered RAAS function may contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension?

21. Can I list the main risk factors and possible complications of hypertension?

22. Can I explain the link between atherosclerosis and hypertension? How about the link between hypertension and atherosclerosis?

23. Can I describe the mechanism of action of and clinical benefits of tPA administration

24. Can I describe the pathogenesis, clinical picture, risk factors, treatment options, and possible consequences of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes?

25. Can I explain the significance of the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas of the brain and the consequences of lesions affecting them?

26. Can I explain the similarities and differences between a stroke and a TIA?

27. Can I explain why statins are useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis?

28. Can I provide examples of drugs that improve myocardial perfusion, and can I explain their pharmacodynamic properties?

29. Can I describe the pharmacodynamics of beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and calcium channel blockers, and justify their use in the treatment of CAD, AMI, and/or hypertension?

30. Can I explain the mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, and possible adverse effects of anti-platelet and anti-coagulant medications as well as those of tPA (or recombinant tPA)?

31. Can I explain why GTN is considered a particularly important option in the treatment of angina and AMI?

32. Can I explain how smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are linked to CAD and/or stroke?

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