BMS5005 - Experimental Design and Data Analysis - Biomedical Sciences - Science Assessment Answer

Assessment Task:

BMS5005: Experimental Design and Data Analysis Science Assessment Answer

Question 1 Does the presence of a friend or pet affect stress responses?

A study was designed to investigate whether a persons’ responses to stress can be ameliorated by the presence of a friend or pet. In this study, 45 women aged 40 to 50 were divided at random into one of 3 groups: C (control), F (friend) and P (pet). Each participant was asked to perform an online test requiring them to solve a series of mathematical puzzles under time-limited conditions to create a stressful situation. The heart rates of the participants was measured at 5 minute intervals and mean heart rates recorded in the table below.

1a) Provide an overview of the results using a properly labelled graph. Show the spread of the data for each group. REMEMBER what you have been told about correctly drawing graphs. Failure to include all the correct points in the graph will result in lost marks.

1b) State the hypothesis and null hypothesis of this experiment.

1c) Analyse the data using ANOVA to establish whether there is a statistically significant difference in the heart rates between any of the test groups. You must explain how you have analysed the data and show all steps in the analysis.

1d) If the ANOVA indicated a significant difference between one or more data sets, use a statistical method to identify which treatment was most likely to influence the stress responses of the participants. You must explain how you have analysed the data and show all steps in the analysis.

Question 2. Is there a difference in blood concentration of 2 different drug formulations?
Makers of a blood pressure drug wish to compare absorption of their product when coated with 2 different materials designed to ensure that the tablets pass through the stomach and enter the intestines. Coating 1 is a material that has been widely used in the past whereas coating 2 has been developed to reduce adverse effects upon some patients. Two groups of 28 healthy, non-smoking male volunteers aged between 40-45 were randomly selected; Group 1 were given the older form of the drug with coating 1. Group 2 received the drug with coating 2. The table below shows the results of blood measurements of the drug taken 90 minutes after swallowing the tablet.

2a) State 4 precautions you would take when designing the trial to minimise error and ensure the results are meaningful. Do not refer to Phase 1, 2, 3 clinical trials etc, we are looking for your awareness of fundamental sources of error and variation in an experiment and how you could minimise them?

2b) Plot a bar graph to summarise the overall results of the 2 treatments. The graph must include error bars to show the spread of the data for each treatment and must be correctly labelled. Remember to include a title, legend and any other important pieces of information for the graph

2c) Test whether there is a significant difference between the variances of the two groups. Briefly explain why we do this test and how this will influence your choice of
statistical test in question 2d. State the hypothesis and null hypothesis that you are testing for this stage of the analysis.

2d) Using the information obtained from question 2c, select a statistical test to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the concentration of drug in the blood of the two groups of volunteers. You must start by stating the hypothesis and null hypothesis that you are testing (these are different to those in part 2c). Explain how you reach your conclusions about the result of the test

2e) Referring to P-values and any other information you think important from question 2d, what conclusions can you draw from this study?

Question 3. Students’ favourite foods at BCU
James, who runs the café – bar in the Students’ Union is keen to improve trade and reduce food wastage. He conducted a survey of students to find out whether there is a difference in food preferences in the different year-groups of students. The table below shows the results of the survey, dividing students into different year/study groups. James wants to know:

A) Whether there is a difference in food preferences between the different year-groups at BCU and

B) Whether there is a difference in preferences between under- and post-graduate students. Students’ favourite foods at BCU James, who runs the café – bar in the Students’ Union is keen to improve trade and reduce food wastage. He conducted a survey of students to find out whether there is a difference in food preferences in the different year-groups of students. The table below shows the results of the survey, dividing students into different year/study groups. James wants to know:
A) Whether there is a difference in food preferences between the different year-groups at
BCU and

B) Whether there is a difference in preferences between under- and post-graduate students.

3a) State the hypotheses and null hypotheses that you will use to test questions A) and B) above. 

3b) Use Chi-squared tests to answer whether:
A) there is a difference in food preferences amongst BCU students

B) there is a difference in food preferences between under- and post-graduate students at BCU

3c) Referring to the P-values that you have generated in 3b) explain your conclusions about whether there is a significant difference in food preferences with:

A) all BCU year-groups of students 

B) Between under- and post-graduate students

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