Briefly Explain the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Mechanism - Medical Science Assignment Help

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Question 1
Briefly explain the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism including the actions of angiotensin II.
Briefly discuss two reasons for Candesartan being preferred over ACE inhibitors. Describe the mechanism of action, the indications, contraindications, and side effects of candesartan.
Using the fixed pill combinations of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide as an example, explain these advantages. Discuss the important side effects and contraindications of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide combined pills.
Question 2
The tricyclic antidepressants TCA’s are primarily used in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depression disorder and they are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders. In the treatment of depression, TCA’s have been largely replaced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake disorders because TCAs generally have more side effects than SSRI’s or SNRI’s.
Using amitriptyline as an example, very briefly describe the general mechanism of action of TCA’s (in relation to depression) and the most important side effects and contraindications.
Amitriptyline and other TCAS are also used in the treatment of some types of pain. Briefly explain the pain pathway, explaining where amitriptyline works and the type of pain for which it is most effective.
Most opioids are also used in the treatment of pain. Using the opioid oxycodone as an example, cite a few examples of the types of pain that are generally not addressed very well with opioid analgesics. Briefly explain why oxycodone is not the ideal analgesic for chronic non-cancer pain with respect to (a) the mechanisms by which people become tolerant of its analgesic effects and (b) the adverse effects and (c) contraindications.

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