Case Studies in Pathophysiology - Medical Science Assignment Help

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Goals of This Workbook
The three major goals of this workbook are:
• To provide a basic, straightforward, and current resource tool for medical, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health students who have minimal experience interpreting a medical case study or a patient’s medical record;
• To provide students in the health sciences with an opportunity to develop their clinical problem-solving skills by identifying clinical manifestations, abnormal clinical laboratory data, and risk factors for a variety of significant health disorders;

• To provide an opportunity for students in the health sciences to develop their clinical crit- ical thinking skills by selecting appropriate disease management options through a case study approach.

The Audience
This workbook is unique in that it was designed for students in human medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and the allied health sciences to support early courses in basic pathophysiology or general pathology. I made the assumption that students who would use this workbook had not completed courses in pharmacology and were novices regarding drug treatment. I also assumed that students would be learning for the first time how to problem solve and thinkcritically with a medical case study before them.

 

Organizational Philosophy

This book uses the organ systems approach to categorize human diseases and other health con- ditions. This approach allows the instructor to cover conditions in a logical and efficient manner (e.g., cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, or respiratory disorders). However, instructors must ensure that an anatomic and physiologic review of the appropriate organ sys- tem has been completed before students begin each of the case studies. Success in working through each case presentation presupposes fundamental knowledge of the normal anatomy and physiology of the appropriate organ system. For example, a complete review of the anatomy and physiology of the heart is essential before completing the case studies in Part 1, Cardiovascular Disorders, such as “Acute Myocardial Infarction” and “Congestive Heart Failure.”

This workbook contains a wide range of pertinent clinical information so that students may better interpret and assess each case study patient. Seven appendices are included for patient assessment purposes:
• Appendix A: Table of Clinical Reference Values
• Appendix B: Table of Normal Height and Weight in Children
• Appendix C: Table of Blood Pressure in Children
• Appendix D: Table of Karnovsky Performance Status
• Appendix E: Table of Common Medical Abbreviations
• Appendix F: Table of APGAR Scoring for Newborns
• Appendix G: Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31)

Case Study Structure
The organization of 100 Case Studies in Pathophysiology provides health science instructors and students with a logical and efficient method for integrating the pathophysiology of health conditions with appropriate clinical information. Each case study is divided into a Patient Case of a specific health condition and the supporting Disease Summary (found on the accompanying CD-ROM).
Patient Cases

Patient Cases are found in the printed workbook. Although the structure of each case is sim- ilar, it is not identical. This variability is intentional so that students will understand that patient medical records vary significantly by individual healthcare providers. The cases pres-ent detailed information that simulates real-life patients. I have included questions that assess understanding in each Patient Case. The basic structure of the Patient Case in this workbook includes the following components:
• Patient’s Chief Complaints
• History of Present Illness
• Past Medical History
• Family History
• Social History
• Medications
• Allergies
• Review of Systems
• Physical Examination Findings (including vital signs)
• Laboratory Blood Test Results
• Specialized Test Results (e.g., urinalysis, chest x-ray, or electrocardiogram)

 

Learning Objectives
The major objective of this case studies book is to provide a current and close correlation between basic principles of human disease and clinical practice. It is important for students to thoroughly understand the underlying pathophysiologic processes that are present in the patients they will serve. Additionally, understanding basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of human disease ultimately promotes better decision-making efforts by healthcare providers and a better quality of life for their patients.

By working through the case studies in this workbook, students will:
• Strengthen their vocabulary in human medicine, pharmacy, and nursing;
• Develop an ability to recognize clinical signs and symptoms that are consistent with a large group of common human health conditions;
• Develop an ability to identify abnormal clinical laboratory test results that are consistent with a variety of human health disorders;
• Develop clinical problem-solving and critical thinking skills;
• Gain insights for specific treatments and methods of clinical assessment.

 

Patient’s Chief Complaints
“I’m having pain in my chest and it goes up into my left shoulder and down the inside of my left arm. I’m also having a hard time catching my breath and I feel somewhat sick to my stomach.”

History of Present Illness
Mr. W.G. is a 53-year-old white man who began to experience chest discomfort while playing tennis with a friend. At first he attributed his discomfort to the heat and having had a large breakfast. Gradually, however, discomfort intensified to a crushing sensation in the sternal area and the pain seemed to spread upward into his neck and lower jaw. The nature of the pain did not seem to change with deep breathing. When Mr. G. complained of feeling nau- seated and began rubbing his chest, his tennis partner was concerned that his friend was having a heart attack and called 911 on his cell phone. The patient was transported to the ED of the nearest hospital and arrived within 30 minutes of the onset of chest pain. En route to the hospital, the patient was placed on nasal cannulae and an IV D5W was started. Mr. G. received aspirin (325 mg po) and 2 mg/IV morphine. He is allergic to meperidine (rash). His pain has eased slightly in the last 15 minutes but is still significant; was 9/10 in severity; now 7/10. In the ED, chest pain was not relieved by 3 SL NTG tablets. He denies chills.

 

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