Highlights
Task
Internet Scale Applications and Development
1. QUESTION 1: The Internet and the World Wide Web
a) What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
b) What is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
c) Explain how application data can be sent using the transport layer. Draw a diagram.
d) What is the main difference between the TCP protocol and the IP protocol?
e) What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
f) Explain how the Domain Name System resolves a host name, such as www.example.com, to an IP address.
g) When you register a new domain it can take 1-2 days before it is globally visible. Why is this?
h) What is ICANN and what does it do?
2. QUESTION 2: Commercial websites
a) List two server-side scripting languages.
b) What is a content management system (CMS)?
c) Briefly explain how Akamai works.
d) What is Google Page Rank?
e) List four legitimate techniques for search engine optimization (SEO).
f) Describe a design for a website for a large news organization, such as The Guardian or Bloomberg. Think about the front end, databases, technology stack, CMS, caching and web services. Draw a diagram and explain how the components work together.
3. QUESTION 3: Privacy and legal issues
a) Briefly explain what Tor is and how it works.
b) How could cloud data storage compromise your privacy?
c) List three of the Information Commissioner’s Office’s criteria for personal data.
d) List three costs that a company incur if their customers’ personal data is lost or stolen.
e) What are the legal issues with the transfer of data abroad?
f) Design a shopping website that maximizes privacy. Think about the components of a commercial website that raise privacy issues. You should cover storage and retrieval of customer data, payment for goods and services, tracking of customers, government access to customer data and caching.
4. QUESTION 4: Bitcoin
a) Explain how Alice could create a transaction that transfers three bitcoins to Bob. How can Bob verify this transaction?
b) What is a block chain?
c) What is a partial hash collision? Give an example.
d) Describe Bitcoin’s cost function. Give a simple example.
e) Explain how Bitcoin uses a block chain and a cost function to solve the double spending problem.
5. QUESTION 5: Distributed data processing
a) What is Amdahl’s law?
b) What is Gustafson’s law?
c) Describe the map, shuffle and reduce functions in MapReduce.
d) Explain how MapReduce can be used to count the number of words in a large number of documents.
e) What is Apache Hadoop?
f) What is Apache Spark? What are the advantages of Spark over Hadoop?
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