Cervical Cancer - Hormonal Contraceptives - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Question:

To answer this question, you will need to use the Stata dataset cervical.dta which can be downloaded from the folder “Assignment 2” in the Assessment area on Canvas. 

Cervical cancer is defined as an abnormal growth in the cervix lining. In Australia, the risk of a woman being diagnosed with cervical cancer by the age of 85 is approximately 1 in 150, with the median five- year survival rate of about 75%. Around 1,000 women are being diagnosed with cervical cancer every year. Risk factors for cervical cancer include persistent infection with the human papillomavirus and a weakened immune system, among others. 

The outcome variable of the study is diagnosis of cervical cancer (dxcancer). Exposure variables include demographic information, habits as well as medical records. The aim of the study is to develop a prediction model for the risk of cervical cancer.

a) Of all women in the data set, what percentage were diagnosed with cervical cancer? 

b) What gravidity is most common in women with cervical cancer who have used hormonal contraceptives? 

c) Out of all women with 4+ sexual partners, what percentage used hormonal contraceptives? 

d) Use Stata to produce an appropriate graph or table to display the relationship between age at first sexual intercourse (first sex) and cervical cancer (cancer). Display the graph or table in your assignment document. Does the graph (or table) suggest that an association exists between age at first sexual intercourse and cervical cancer? 

e) Use Stata to produce an appropriate graph or table to display the relationship between any use of hormonal contraceptives (hconcat) and cervical cancer (dxcancer). Display the graph or table in your assignment document. Use Stata to compute and interpret an appropriate measure of association between the variables hconcat and dxcancer. 

f) Use Stata to calculate and interpret the (unadjusted) odds ratio for the association between smokes (exposure) and stds (outcome). Use Stata to calculate and interpret the 95% confidence interval for the corresponding population odds ratio. 

g) Look up the helpfile for the Stata function tabodds. Use this function to compute the odds of cervical cancer for each category of number of sexual partners (numsexpcat). Display these results in a table in your assignment document. Which category of numsexpcat has the highest odds of cervical cancer? 

h) Use Stata to calculate and interpret the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval for the population odds ratio between history of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and cervical cancer (dxcancer) separately for: (i) women who smoked (smokes = Ever), and (ii) women who did not smoke (smokes = Never). 

i) Use Stata to compute and interpret the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio for the association between history of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and cervical cancer (dxcancer) pooled over the categories of smokes. 

j) Is there evidence that smoking is a confounder of the association between the history of sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer? Justify your answer. 

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