Children Obesity and Health Issue - Early Childhood Assignment Help

Assignment Task

The task
• children obesity and health issue has been investigated during this unit
• Argue why it is an ECEC issue, who it affects, and how.
• Critically review the issue from the various perspectives involved with reference to contemporary literature, and publications (e.g. these may be newspaper articles).
• Present your position on the issue and justify your position.
• Explore how this issue could be resolved or improved?

Introduction

Overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality throughout the lifecycle. For example, overweight and obesity in women are predictors of gestational diabetes during pregnancy and newborns with excessive birth weight (1). High birth weight is a predictor of overweight and obesity in adulthood and in cofactors associated with insulin resistance (2). In parallel with the worldwide increases in obesity prevalence, over- weight and obesity in children are rising (3). Because obesity in childhood frequently tracks into adulthood, increases in childhood overweight and obesity clearly are major contributors to the adult obesity epidemic (4). Children express the same comorbidities that are associated with being over-weight and obese as adults (4,5). Thus, being overweight during childhood brings with it comorbidities that will increase the duration of comorbidities in an individual by one to two decades, a factor that can increase the impact of a number of risk factors on adult diseases. In this article we review the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, the impact of obesity in terms of a lifecycle perspective, comorbidities expressed in childhood obesity, and emerging evidence for different racial/ethnic responses to biological contributors to obesity. Potential approaches to
fighting the obesity epidemic beginning in the childhood years are discussed.

Prevention/Treatment of Childhood Obesity

Increase in energy intake and decrease in physical activity are the primary environmental influences on childhood obesity, similar to adult obesity. In 45 minutes of exercise, a 165-kg (75-lb) child may be expected to expend 90, 525, 135, and 180 calories during continuous bicycling, running, walking, and dancing, respectively. These expenditures can be contrasted to the difference of a regular size McDonald’s meal, which provides ;600 calories vs. a super-sized Mc-Donald’s double cheeseburger meal, which provides .1800 calories. Note that the calories expended in the exercises above do not nearly cover this difference. In approaching childhood obesity, we can consider three levels of prevention: primordial prevention, which aims toward maintaining normal BMI throughout childhood and adolescence; primary prevention, directed toward preventing overweight children (BMI: 85th to 95th percentiles) from becoming obese; and secondary prevention, to treat obese children (BMI . 95%) to reduce comorbidities and reverse over-weight and obesity, if possible (5). Clearly, there is a need to balance energy intake with energy output and to introduce activity in place of inactivity. In obesity prevention, an emphasis on plant-based foods and vegetable and fruit consumption would be a major step forward in avoiding energy-dense foods.

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