Consider an 8-Ball Lottery Game - IT/Computer Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

IMPORTANT NOTE 1: The total possible marks for this assignment is 50. There are 40 marks associated with accuracy (i.e. correctness of your answers; the breakdown of these marks is indicated on this question sheet), a further five marks for completeness (you will only get the full five marks for completeness if you make a serious attempt to answer every question) and a further five marks for your written communication (e.g. clarity, spelling, grammar, correct use of notations etc.) STA1DCT: 40 + 5 + 5 = 50 marks.

IMPORTANT NOTE 2: When you are asked to calculate an answer by hand, you may still use your calculator for basic calculations (e.g. multiplication, division, taking a square-root etc.) Your workings should show that you know how a formulae or process works.

1. Consider an 8-ball lottery game. In total there are 8 balls numbered 1 through to 8 inclusive. 5 balls are drawn (chosen randomly), one at a time, without replacement (so that a ball cannot be chosen more than once). To win the grand prize, a lottery player must have the same numbers selected as those that are drawn. Order of the numbers is not important so that if a lottery player has chosen the combination 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and, in order, the numbers 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 are drawn, then the lottery player will win the grand prize (to be shared with other grand prize winners). You can assume that each ball has exactly the same chance of being drawn as each of the others.

(a) Consider a population of size N = 8. How many different random samples of size n = 5 are possible from a population of N = 8? (2 marks)

(b) Suppose that you choose the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ahead of the next lottery draw. As a fraction, what is the exact probability that you will win the grand prize in the lottery in the next draw with these numbers? (2 marks) 1

(c) Continuing on part (b) and again as a fraction, what is the exact probability that you will not win the lottery in the next draw with these numbers? Show workings. (2 marks)

(d) This question is tougher and you need to think carefully about the answer. Recall that the order of the numbers chosen is not important and that each number can only be chosen once. In total, how many combinations are there available that include the numbers 1 and 2 but not the numbers 3, 4 and 5? Explain and show workings. (Hint: The available combinations must include the numbers 1 and 2 and they may also include the numbers 3, 4 or 5, but they must not include the numbers 3, 4 and 5 in one combination at the same time.) (5 marks) 2

2. The total number of cards in a deck of Italian playing cards is 40. Out of those 40 playing cards there are 4 cards that are a King. Consider an experiment where the deck is properly shuffled and a single card is dealt.

(a) What is the probability that the card dealt is a King? (2 marks)

(b) Now suppose that the card is returned to the deck and that the deck is once again properly shuffled. The experiment is repeated another 19 times (i.e. in total 20 trials of the experiment are conducted - including the initial trial in

(a) above) where the card that is dealt is returned to the deck after each trial and the deck is properly shuffled again before the next card is dealt. Out of the 20 trials, let X equal the number of King cards that are observed.

i. What are all of the possible values that can be observed for X? (2 marks)

ii. What is the expected frequency for the number of King cards dealt? Show workings. (3 marks)

iii. Suppose that X = 4 is observed. What is the relative frequency for this many King cards dealt? (2 marks)

iv. Now suppose that the experiment is to be repeated but this time with a very large n (number of trials). For a very large n, what should the relative frequency for the number of King cards dealt be approximately equal to?

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