Highlights
Laboratory 4
The goal of this Lab is to apply the skills you just have learned in preparing tables and figures for descriptive statistical analysis.
Please, use the following version of the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) (Kuriwaki 2018): cces_2018.csv . So, download, save in your working directory and load this dataset.
The first step to prepare your data is to filter the observations for only one state. Choose your state of preference; it really doesn't matter which state is used as long as you are able to filter the data correctly. To filter the dataset, use the variable 'input state' and the following list of codes: 'State FIPS Code Listing'.
This time, you only have to prepare two tasks, each task has a value of 3.5 points.
Task 1. Create a cross-tabulation to examine the following hypothesis:
"Christian voters in ___________ (your state of preference) are more likely to support banning abortion after the 20th week of pregnancy than believers from other religions and nonbelievers".
You will receive full credit if you follow these aesthetic and technical standards I taught you in the class:
Standards:
1.1 The table has the correct structure (i.e. placement of variables) according to Pollock's criterion (review the Conceptual Lecture, the slides for that lecture, and the reading materials).
1.2 The table has an appropriate label for the variables (review the Technical lecture, slides and reading materials).
1.3 The values of the independent and dependent variables are relabelled and recoded (if necessary) as explained in the Technical lecture. In particular, the variables are in an ordinal or nominal scale of measurement.
1.4 The table was printed appropriately and pasted in the Word document. The dimensions of the Table are correct. Hint: remember that I explained how to do this in the Technical Lecture. Go to the tab, 'Export' and follow the instructions given in the Lecture.
I will deduct 0.3 per each of the standards or questions that are not completed. Thus, if you can only prepare a table with the 'bare-bones' of what is requested in the Lab, you will receive at least 2.3 points.
Now, if you respond to these two questions, I will give you an extra point. Each question has a value of 0.5 extra points.
Questions:
1.5 Interpret the results of the Table. Is there evidence for this hypothesis? Why? Use the terms learned in the class; zero-order relationship, linear and nonlinear relationships, and positive and negative effects.
1.6 Do you think that these results would change if you control for ideology? Why?
Please, only write a maximum of two paragraphs for each question.
Task 2. Prepare a bar graph to study the distribution of the family income in _________ (your state of preference).
You will receive full credit if you follow these aesthetic and technical standards I taught you in the class:
Standards:
2.1 The figure has the appropriate structure; it is a bar graph not another kind of plot.
2.2 The figure has an appropriate label for the variables of interest (review the Technical lecture, slides, and reading materials).
2.3 The figure uses a theme different than the default. Review the Technical Lecture and slides to remember what is a theme in ggplot2 and how you change it. Also, explore these basic themes:
theme_gray() – signature ggplot2 theme theme_bw() – dark on light ggplot2 theme theme_linedraw() – uses black lines on white backgrounds only theme_light() – similar to linedraw() but with grey lines aswell theme_dark() – lines on a dark background instead of light theme_minimal() – no background annotations, minimal feel. theme_classic() – theme with no grid lines. theme_void() – empty theme with no elements
You don't need to use all of them, I am just giving you a quick list of where to start. Pick the theme that you prefer but don't use the 'default' theme.
2.4 The figure was printed appropriately and pasted in the Word document. Hint: remember that I explained how to do this in the Technical Lecture. Go to the tab, 'Export' and follow the instructions given in the Lecture.
I will deduct 0.3 per each of the standards or questions that are not completed. Thus, if you can only prepare a figure with the 'bare-bones' of what is requested
in the Lab, you will receive at least 2.3 points.
Now, if you respond to these two questions, I will give you an extra point. Each question worths 0.5 extra points.
Questions:
2.5 Is the distribution symmetrical or asymmetrical? Why? Use the terms learned in our previous classes (especially use what you learned in Lecture 3).
2.6 Is the distribution unimodal, bimodal, or multimodal? Why?
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