Current Emotion Research in Music Psychology Research Writing - Psychology Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Abstract

Music is universal at least partly because it expresses emotion and regulates affect. Associations between music and emotion have been examined regularly by music psychologists. Here, we review recent findings in three areas:

(a) the communication and perception of emotion in music,

(b) the emotional consequences of music listening, and

(c) predictors of music preferences.

Musical Expression of Emotion

Does music from different cultures share common features? Evidence that there are universal cues to emotion in music comes from several key findings. One is that general acoustic cues (i.e., those that are not specific to music or to a specific genre of music) contribute to the emotional expressiveness of  music. In fact, some cues to emotion appear to be relevant to all forms of human vocal communication, such that there are notable commonalities in the acoustic features of emotionally expressive speech and music (Juslin & Laukka, 2003). For example, angry speech is characterized by high vocal intensity, just as angry sounding music tends to be loud. High-arousal emotions (anger, fear, and happiness) are expressed using faster rates compared to low-arousal emotions (sadness and tenderness/love) in speech and in music. Moreover, happy sounding speech in English or Tamil has larger pitch intervals than sad sounding speech, just as happy sounding music in South Indian and Western music incorporates larger pitch intervals (Bowling, Sundararajan, Han, & Purves, 2012). One exception is that a lower overall pitch makes music sound less pleasant (Jaquet, Danuser, & Gomez, 2014), such that low pitches are used to express emotions with negative valence. In speech, negative emotions such as fear and agger tend to have a relatively high pitch (Juslin & Laukka, 2003).

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