Highlights
The assignment
1. You are required to design a permenant retaining wall to support the excavation of 3.0m of fill adjacent to a major road. No anchors may be located underneath the road and no struts/ props may be placed in the excavated space. The top of the wall (at road level) must not deflect more than 25mm. Information about the ground is limited although you have the results of one CPT below.
2. Consider at least two possible wall types including steel sheet piles, a CSM wall and soldier piles. Design using hand calculation and/or software – the choice is yours although both approaches may score well. Section 8.7 in Muir Wood (2004) and Russell et al (2017) may assist with the steel sheet piles and CSM wall designs. p-y curves and the Winkler spring equation may assist with the design of a solidier pile wall.
3. Deem the most suitable wall type to be the one which has the lowest embodied CO2e emissions in the steel and cement used, while also satisfying strength and serviceability requirements. When calculating embodied CO2e emissions assume steel has 1.62kgCO2e/$ and costs 1.80$/kg and that cement has 4.44kgCO2e/$ and costs 0.29$/ kg. Assume 1m3 of concrete requires 350kg of cement. Also assume that 1m3 of a CSM wall mix requires 400kg of cement. Assume concrete has a compresisve strength of 30MPa, a tensile strength of 3MPa and a modulus E = 20GPa. Assume a CSM soil/grout mix has a compresisve strength of 3MPa, a tensile strength of 0.3MPa and a modulus of E = 0.5GPa. Assume steel has a yield strength of 400MPa and a modulus E = 200GPa. Assume the road imposes a surcharge of 10kPa under normal working conditions. This may be increased to 15kPa when considering strength/stability.
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