Damian, Down’s Syndrome and Coeliac Disease - Case Study - Medical Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Assignment: A case study

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The case study is about Damian, 20 years old, diagnosed with Down syndrome. The patient works in a supermarket and helps the customer with car assistance. The patient is born with a congenital cardiac condition, also known as an atrioventricular septal defect. However, this condition was repaired when she was a baby. The patient wears glasses and uses a hearing aid, she has been diagnosed with Coeliac Disease and hypothyroidism. Down's syndrome is a genetic disease that is a result of an extra chromosome, in this case, trisomy 21 is observed. Coeliac Disease is a condition in which the immune system of the body is affected, and the body tissue attacks itself (Antonarakis et al., 2021).

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Pathophysiology of the disability and the chosen multi-morbidity chronic condition. In Down's syndrome, an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present and this is due to the inability of chromosome 21 to be distinguished at the time of gametogenesis, hence, it results in the extra chromosome. Another cause is the translocation of ring chromosomes or iso-chromosomes. In this condition, two long arms are separated instead of the separation of long and short ones. This condition affects the quality of life because people with Down's syndrome are at increased risk of development of mental health conditions such as anxiety, stress, and depression (Akhtar & Bokhari, 2022).

The primary mechanism followed in celiac disease is due to the impact on the immune system, the adaptive immune system of the body is impacted. The autoimmune reaction toward gluten might lead to the development of a rash. In this disease, the person strictly adheres to a gluten-free diet, other than this they also require emotional and social support (Rondal, 2022).

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The health behavior theory which can be adopted in this case study is the Health belief model. It is a theoretical model which can be used as a reference point for disease prevention and health promotion programs. This model is also used to predict and explain the individual change in health behavior, this is the most commonly used model. This model is chosen for the case study

because it will help the patient in the case study to understand the risk and will also allow them to modify their behaviour so quality of life will improve. This model is highly effective for nurses, they can easily use this to clarify the patient’s perception of risk. It also allows the nurses to apply the strategies which can influence the patient's lifestyle. In the case study also the nurse will work towards educating the patient and creating awareness for the patient. This model has helped to predict and guide the disease and health prevention program, along with it, it also predicts individual change in health behavior. As an RN I will encourage the patient to self-introspect so adequate changes can be bought (Alagili & Bamashmous, 2021).

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In coeliac disease one of the major restriction which is observed is no intake of gluten, hence strategy developed should be such that the patient can easily manage their diet. Exact adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), is the most used treatment of CeD, in this, the patient will eliminate all the gluten food from the diet for the rest of their life. Instead, the patient should opt for grain-free or grain-based food such as millet, quinoa, potato, and kasha. Hence, in the case study the patient should not eat gluten based food, but instead should focus on a gluten-free diet.

To manage hyperthyroidism, it is necessary to make some major lifestyle changes, such as a balance of fruits, healthy grains, vegetables, and lean protein sources. RN will educate the patient about it and will increase their awareness (Caio et al., 2019). The patient currently in the case study is not involved in any physical activity, hence, it should be encouraged.

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The social care worker is the best healthcare service that can be provided, they understand all the care points which are required and provide the care accordingly. They work with the patient as well as the family members hence, holistic care is being provided. In this case study also the social worker should educate the patient about the condition and increase awareness. Other than educating the patient, they also provide emotional support to the patient so mental health can be maintained (Grasmo et al., 2019).

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