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DASSA: Tobacco Control Strategy - Reduce Smoking Prevalence - Nursing Assignment Help
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Assignment Task: Recently, substantial progress has been made to reduce smoking prevalence as a health risk factor in South Australia (DASSA, 2016). The 2011-2016 SA Tobacco Control Strategy (SATCS) has abridged smoking prevalence throughout the general population (DASSA, 2016). However, certain high risk population groups remain hampered by higher smoking rates, these groups are targeted in the SATCS 2017-2020 (DASSA, 2016). A comprehensive approach is used to significantly advance outcomes for five key target areas (DASSA 2016, p.1). Intervention in the SATCS is also applied through the macro level (up-stream), the population level (mid-stream), and occasionally the individual level (down-stream) identified in McKinlay’s Population-Based Health Promotion Model (Orleans et al., 1999). Although the SATCS states a more comprehensive approach, which is underpinned by; equity, empowerment and social justice (Talbot & Verrinder, 2013) a selective approach to primary health care can be observed. SATCS includes strategies where health professionals encourage cessation at a population and individual level, these are; embedding screening and intervention in health care (DASSA 2016, p.6), focus on assisting Aboriginal people with quitting (DASSA 2016, p.7), and encouraging mental health professionals to consistently review smoking status of clients (DASSA 2016, p. 8). Health professionals encouraging tobacco cessation is a useful intervention; it’s simple, quick, isn’t entirely phenomena focused and is effective in many cases (Aveyard & Raw, 2012). However, the strategy doesn’t comprise health professionals providing further referral or medical treatment, which enhances the rate of quitting smoking (Aveyard & Raw, 2012). Furthermore, there is no strategy for treatment at the medical level, for example, nicotine replacement therapy (Aveyard & Raw, 2012). The strategies categorised as ‘down-stream’ in McKinlay’s model are the ones consistent to individual level interventions and target the risk factor (Orleans et al., 1999). ‘Embed screening and brief intervention health care’ is ‘mid-stream’ as this targets the entire population through primary care (Orleans et al., 1999). A comprehensive approach is identified more-so throughout the SATCS, it creates empowerment through enabling participation in health. This is in comparison to a selective approach which focuses on treatment (Talbot & Verrinder, 2013). Social marketing campaigns are used in the SATCS to target all population groups and create empowerment through education (Lefèvre et al., 2009). This strategy involves mass state-wide tobacco cessation media campaigns (DASSA 2016, p.6), but also emphasises marketing campaigns for Indigenous communities and their needs as well as socio-economically challenged populations (DASSA 2016, pp 7-8). The mass media strategy strengths lie with its ability to provide education, a social determinant, and change behaviour (Labonte 1992, p.121). However, one limitation for mass media campaigns is that the targeted populations might not have access to various media outlets, making it hard to influence those areas. This is why targeted campaigns for these populations are included. On a whole, SATCS’s marketing campaigns are categorised as ‘up-stream – mid-stream’ due to its focus at a macro-level as well as population level. The tobacco cessation marketing campaign targets social norms and healthy behaviours, through the means of state-wide education, making it ‘up-stream’. But, focusing on community needs of Aboriginals and the socio-economically challenged means the social marketing is an intervention for an ‘at-risk’ population, mentioned in McKinley’s model as ‘mid-stream’ (Orleans et al., 1999). The SATCS aims to improve a safe community environment to reduce smoking prevalence (general public and targeted populations) through exploring policy and legislation. Encouraging the expansion of smoke free areas, exploring options to reduce tobacco license density in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and encouraging non-government organisations to adopt smoke-free environments (DASSA 2016, pp. 8-10) all support community action. Using policy and law to prohibit smoking in additional environments encourages the change of norms of smoking which creates social justice (Lefèvre et al., 2009). However, the SATCS uses words like ‘explore’ and ‘encourage’ which isn’t practical action – this suggests it will take plenty of time to implement. These strategies are consistent with ‘up-stream – mid-stream’ as they aim for environmental change throughout South Australia, but largely, target population areas such as socio-economically disadvantaged and non-government organisations (Orleans et al., 1999). In some cases, Primary Health Care relies on the selective and comprehensive approach to maintain health-promoting lifestyles. However, smoking tobacco isn’t a disease, it’s a risk factor, so how can the selective approach treat a risk factor? The SATCS targets determinants of health and aims to provide individuals empowerment as it allows control over influences that impact their health. The Australian Medical Association stated; “Disempowerment of individuals and overwhelming social influences are recognised as increasing contributors to tobacco smoking” (AMA, 2005). This supports the SATCS’s ‘up-stream – mid-stream’ approach to create empowerment for the individual and support community action. With time for other policies to implement, smoking prevalence should decrease in South Australia.This Nursing Assignment has been solved by our Nursing experts at My Uni Paper. Our Assignment Writing Experts are efficient to provide a fresh solution to this question. We are serving more than 10000+ Students in Australia, UK & US by helping them to score HD in their academics. Our Experts are well trained to follow all marking rubrics & referencing style.