Highlights
The data collected in the study was processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The data was analyzed for descriptive statistics. Frequency table was computed to identify the presence or absence of functional ankle stability; these individuals were then divided into two groups’ i.e. FAI present and FAI absent. The scores of age, BMI, IDFAI and FADI were compared between both the groups using independent sample t-test. The statistical significance was set at <0>
A total of 137 participants were enrolled for this study. The data analysis revealed presence of functional ankle instability (FAI) in 14.6% (n=20; male = 10 and female = 10) of the participants (more than 10 score on IDFAI). The presence of FAI was mostly associated with the participants playing football (n=11; 8.02%) followed by volleyball (n=5; 3.64%). But, most of the participants who had FAI had normal BMI (n=13).
The distribution of variables with their frequency and percentage is tabulated in table 1.
Table 1 - Distribution of Variables
|
|
Variable |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Gender |
Male |
68 |
49.6 |
|
Female |
69 |
50.4 |
|
|
BMI |
Underweight (<18> |
42 |
30.7 |
|
Normal (18.5 – 24.9) |
84 |
61.3 |
|
|
Over-weight (25 – 29.9) |
11 |
8 |
|
|
Obese (>30) |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Sport |
Football |
69 |
50.4 |
|
Volleyball |
58 |
42.3 |
|
|
Badminton |
10 |
7.3 |
Table 2 - Prevalence of Functional Ankle Instability
|
Functional Ankle Instability |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Yes |
20 |
14.6 |
|
No |
117 |
85.4 |
The association of functional ankle instability with gender, BMI category and sport participated in was assessed using chi-square test. The results of Chi-square test are represented in table 3.
The data of BMI, age, FADI and IDFAI was compared between the participants who had presence and absence of FAI. The results of independent sample t-test are listed in table 5. The results revealed statistically significant difference in FADI sport scores (p=<0 p=0.02)>
Table 3 - Factors affecting FAI
|
Variable |
FAI Present |
FAI Absent |
Chi Square test Value |
Significance |
|||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||||
|
Gender |
Female |
10 |
7.3 |
59 |
43.07 |
0.001 |
1 |
|
Male |
10 |
7.3 |
58 |
42.34 |
|||
|
BMI |
Underweight |
3 |
2.19 |
39 |
28.47 |
6.104 |
0.047* |
|
Normal |
13 |
9.49 |
71 |
51.82 |
|||
|
Overweight |
4 |
2.92 |
7 |
5.11 |
|||
|
Sport |
Football |
11 |
8.03 |
58 |
42.34 |
6.938 |
0.031* |
|
Volleyball |
5 |
3.65 |
53 |
38.69 |
|||
|
Badminton |
4 |
2.92 |
6 |
4.38 |
|||
Table 4 - Descriptive Analysis
|
|
FAI Present |
FAI Absent |
|
Age |
16.3 ± 0.98 |
16.56 ± 0.83 |
|
FADI |
93.15 ± 7.35 |
96.64 ± 8.24 |
|
FADI Sport |
24.8 ± 2.59 |
28.65 ± 3.09 |
|
BMI |
21.28 ± 2.99 |
19.77 ± 2.57 |
Table 5 - Between group comparison
|
Variable |
t-value |
Significance |
|
Age |
-1.275 |
0.205 |
|
FADI |
-1.777 |
0.078 |
|
FADI Sport |
-5.246 |
<0> |
|
BMI |
2.357 |
0.02* |
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