Describe the Gross Anatomy of the Right Kidney - Medical Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Case 1

A 40-year old woman experiences pain in the right ‘flank’ region of her body. At first she thinks that the pain is a result of a ‘pulled muscle’ following a session at her local gym and tries to ignore it. However, the pain gets worse and she can no longer tolerate it so she goes to her local hospital. A CT scan shows that she has nephrolithiasis or kidney stone formation.

1. Describe the gross anatomy of the right kidney. [8 marks]

2. Explain the process of formation of kidney stones. [4 marks]

3. State one major cause of kidney stone formation. [1 mark]

4. Describe the anatomical location in the kidney where kidneys stones typically form. [2 marks]

5. Describe the anatomical site where the stones are most likely to cause pain, and why this is the case. [3 marks]

6. Outline the possible consequences of the stones reaching the bladder. [2 marks]

Case 2

A 56-year man suffering from shortness of breath, bradycardia, dizziness and fatigue presents to his GP. He is already on medication for hypertension, so she refers him to a cardiologist for further investigations. The doctor orders an echocardiogram and a CT scan. The results of the tests reveal that the man has an abnormal aortic valve that is interfering with the heart function.

1. Define bradycardia and state two causes of this condition [3 marks]

2. Describe the structure and function of the aortic valve and explain the consequences of an incompetent valve. [7 marks].

The patient undergoes surgery to replace the heart valve and is prescribed warfarin. He is released from hospital and while at home he is visited by a nurse who administers the warfarin. During the process, the man collapses and is taken back to hospital. He is diagnosed with a heart block, with atrial fibrillation.

3. Explain why warfarin is prescribed following valve replacement surgery. [1 mark]

4. Explain what is meant by a heart block [3 marks].

5. Explain what is meant by atrial fibrillation. [2 marks]

6. Outlines 2 methods that can be used to treat atrial fibrillation [2 marks]

7. Briefly outline how a pacemaker works. [2 marks]

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