Highlights
Introduction
The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is increas- ingly being pursued in recent years to alleviate pressure on power transmission, deferring in the construction of new transmission lines, and deregulation in the electricity market. These RESs help to reduce the adverse environmental impact of the centralized fossil fuel-based power generation. The distinct advantage of fuel cell (FC) as compared to other RESs (e.g., solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind) is that it can be installed at any place without any geograph- ical restrictions. The FC, an electrochemical device, converts chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy where the byproducts of the chemical reaction are heat and water. The FC has higher efficiency and noise- less operation with lower emissions of oxides (nitrogen and sulfur)
Controller performance evaluation
First, the PEMFC system is connected to a three-phase grid, to show the effectiveness of the designed controller in terms of tracking the load over a wide operating conditions. The perfor- mance of the designed controller is then demonstrated through simulation results on a 12-bus test distribution system (Fig. 3) and the CIGRE low voltage test distribution network (Fig. 4). Different case studies are performed and the controller performance is analyzed under both standard and worst-case situations.
Conclusion
In this paper, a partial feedback linearizing controller has been designed and implemented on a three-phase grid connected PEMFC system for network supports. The controller is designed based on the dynamical model of the PEMFC which satisfies all requirements for the design and implementation of the proposed technique. The proposed scheme is capable of injecting active and reactive power over a wide range of load conditions and main- tains the stability under various grid events such as sudden changes in loads and faults within the system. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is justified through simulation results on a three-phase grid-connected system as well as on two different test distribution systems. The proposed PEMFC system can be integrated in the microgrid as a primary source or as a back-up storage system. The implementation of the proposed scheme on a practical system will be included in the future work.
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