Development Thinking At The Beginning Of The 21st Century Assignment

Assignment Task

Abstract

There has been a shift, in recent years, in the understanding of the process of development. It is not a switch (as often portrayed) from a state-dependent view of development to a market-reliant view. Rather, it involves rejecting a "blood, sweat and tears" view of development in favour of celebrating people's agency and cooperation and the expansion of human freedom and capabilities. The market as an institution fits into this bigger picture. So do human rights and democratic values, especially as the vehicle of political incentives (complementing economic incentives). It involves, ultimately, a fuller view of human beings.

Amartya Sen

Ideas do not move in units of centuries. Within the twentieth century itself, we have seen some radical shifts in development thinking.. Nor need the centuries be defined in the way calendars bunch the years together from 00 to 99. When Henry Wallace, in his famous address on the 8th of May 1942, declared, "The century on which we are entering can be and must be the century of the common man," he was talking neither about the 20th century, nor about the 21st. The much-heralded fact that these are the ending years of the 20th century need not, in itself, make this, in any way, a great time for reassessment; this applies as much to the proposed re-examination of our development thinking.

And yet, this does happen to be a reasonably good time to attempt a scrutiny, and the topic that has been assigned to me makes plausible sense. Much has happened in development. experience as well as in development theory over the years since. the new subject of "development" was born at the end of the world war. Some of the new events have given us reason to question, qualify or revise our earlier understandings of the nature of economic and social development. The insights that have emerged call for fresh reflection. It is indeed as good a moment as any to ask where development thinking might be heading.

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