Diabetes Mellitus - Insulin Resistance - Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with IGT - Nursing Assignment Help

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Background In the United States, approximately 20.8 million people (7% of the population) are affected by Diabetes Mellitus, and the total cost was $132 billion in 2002. Type 2 diabetes, primarily a metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance, accounts for 90% to 95% of diagnosed cases of diabetes. An intermediate stage in the natural history of diabetes is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). About 10% to 15% of adults in the States have one of these conditions. Patients with IGT or EEG have a significant risk of developing diabetes and thus are a critical target group for primary prevention. Several studies of patients with TOT have shown effects of lifestyle intervention in delaying or preventing the development of diabetes 2.There is strong evidence that a structural program of diet and exercise can reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with MT. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study has revealed that lifestyle intervention in patients with IGT resulted in sustained lifestyle changes and a 43% reduction in relative risk of diabetes, which remained after active lifestyle interventions. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group found that the intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 58% and drug therapy with metformin by 31% as compared with placebo; the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than metformin. However, lifestyle interventions can be difficult to implement because it is impractical for the usual family practice systems to6provide intensive dietary and exercise interventions similar to those used in clinical trials. Also, the optimum and most cost-efficient program and intensity of lifestyle intervention remain unknown. This study focuses on a design to assess the cost-effective lifestyle intervention with respect to the requirement of staff resources to reduce the development of type 2 diabetes in patients over the age of 25 with IGT or IFG, which is our primary outcome. The secondary outcome includes regression to normoglycemia. 

 

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