Domino Effects - Land Use Planning (LUP) - Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Topics:
Domino effects: Domino effects are referred to a chain of accidents in which a primary accident starting in a unit spreads to adjacent units, causing secondary accidents the total consequence of which could be much more severe than the primary event.
Natechs: Natechs are referred to technological accidents such as release of hazardous materials, fires or explosions in industrial plants which are triggered by natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Compared to normal technological accidents, which are a matter of random failures or human error, natechs usually give rise to more catastrophic consequences since the likelihood of simultaneous damage to hazardous units and domino effects is much higher.
 

Land use planning: Land use planning (LUP) as an effective and crucial safety measure has widely been employed by safety experts and decision makers to mitigate off-site risks posed by major accidents. Accordingly, the concept of LUP in industrial plants has traditionally been considered from two perspectives:

(i) land developments around existing industrial plants considering potential off-site risks posed by major accidents and

(ii) development of existing industrial plants considering nearby land developments and the level of additional off-site risks the land developments would be exposed to.
 

Human error: Humans play an important role during the design, installation, production, and maintenance phases of a product or system. Human error may be defined as the failure to perform a specified task (or the performance of a forbidden action) that could lead to disruption of scheduled operations or result in damage to property and equipment.

Introduction:
Engineers have an important role in society. They are responsible for designing, building or creating something based on a specification or guideline to meet a need. What they develop must function without any failure for its intended lifetime, especially a catastrophic failure that can result in loss of life and damage to property and environment.
Engineering is about managing risks. It is technically impossible to remove risk altogether and lowering risk commonly involves a substantial cost. Engineering as a profession progresses through both its successes and its failures. As a profession, we need to learn from failures. By analysing failures, engineers can learn what not to do, and how to reduce the chance of failure. This may seem paradoxical but is widely accepted. Failure often can spur on innovation.
In engineering, it is important to review failures, and mistakes. It is harder to learn from success, but you should always learn from failures. This is not the best practice in some engineering projects where the failure results in human and property damage; however, when a failure occurs it is very important to analyse it and learn from it. Failures have elements in common. The lessons that we learn from them can help to predict and avoid failures. A skill that all professional engineers need is the ability to predict and avoid failures no matter what their scale or magnitude from small or localised to large or widespread. Engineering failures are typically the result of:
• Human factors – both ‘ethical’ and accidental failure;
• Design flaws – typically a result of unprofessional or unethical behaviour;
• Material failures;
• Extreme conditions.
Engineering failures can be categorised based on the size of the impacted region, and the level of impact on the region.

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