ECE2191: Probability Models in Engineering - ECG of Atrial Fibrillation - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

1 About the assignment 

In this assignment, you will use your knowledge about probability concepts to extract some necessary information from a given data set. The aim is to diagnose a heart condition in a group of patients. This assignment is going to account for 15 percent of your total mark. Thus, please pay attention to the following notes 

• Some tasks of the assignment needs to be completed using Matlab only and the rest could be completed either manually or by using Matlab 

• You will need to submit your codes and a PDF file of your report which contains your answers to the different tasks of the assignment 

• Any form of plagiarism must be avoided. Your codes will be checked by MOSS software developed by Stanford University to find any possible similarities. 

• Note that the assignment is to be completed individually. 

2 Problem description 

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by the rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. In order to diagnose AF, we

Figure 2: ECG of atrial fibrillation (top) and normal sinus rhythm (bottom). The purple arrow indicates a P wave, which is lost in atrial fibrillation. 

analyze the ECG signal. An ECG is a time-varying physiological signal which reflects the ionic current flow causing the cardiac (heart) fibers to contract and relax subsequently. It is obtained by recording the potential difference between two electrodes placed on the skin. ECG represents the successive atrial depolarization and repolarization as well as ventricular depolarization and repolarization occurring at every normal cycle of heartbeat. These events manifest as the peaks and troughs of the ECG waveform, namely P, Q, R, S, and T, shown in Figure 1. Note that R-R interval refers to the time between successive R-peaks. 

In the following, we explain that obtaining information about R-R intervals and the absence or presence of P-waves helps us to diagnose AF more effectively. When a person is diagnosed with AF, typical characteristics of the ECG are the absence of P waves, and irregular R–R intervals due to irregular conduction of impulses to the ventricles. At very fast heart rates, atrial fibrillation may look more regular, which may make it more difficult to separate from other conditions. In Fig. 2, the ECGs of a normal and AF rhythm has been brought, where it can be seen that in the case of AF, the R-R peaks are irregular and the P-waves are almost gone.

3 Probabilities 

If we choose a subject randomly from the Train set, 

Q 1: What is the probability of the subject being normal? 

Q 2: What is the probability of the subject having AF disease? 

Q 3: What is the probability of presence of P-wave for a subject in the train set? 

Q 4: Find the mean and variance of SDRR for subjects in the train set (Matlab built-in functions can be used). 

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