Eco-Driving Technology for Sustainable Road Transport - Management Assignment Help

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ABSTRACT
Road transport consumes significant quantities of fossil fuel and accounts for a significant proportion of CO2 and pollutant emissions worldwide. The driver is a major and often overlooked factor that determines vehicle per- formance. Eco-driving is a relatively low-cost and immediate measure to reduce fuel consumption and emissions significantly. This paper reviews the major factors, research methods and implementation of eco-driving tech-nology. The major factors of eco-driving are acceleration/deceleration, driving speed, route choice and idling. Eco-driving training programs and in-vehicle feedback devices are commonly used to implement eco-driving skills. After training or using in-vehicle devices, immediate and significant reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions have been observed with slightly increased travel time. However, the impacts of both methods attenuate over time due to the ingrained driving habits developed over the years. These findings imply the necessity of developing quantitative eco-driving patterns that could be integrated into vehicle hardware so as to generate more constant and uniform improvements, as well as developing more effective and lasting training programs and in-vehicle devices. Current eco-driving studies mainly focus on the fuel savings and CO2 reduction of individual vehicles, but ignore the pollutant emissions and the impacts at network levels. Finally, the chal- lenges and future research directions of eco-driving technology are elaborated.

Introduction

Worldwide concerns regarding global warming and fossil fuel de- pletion have driven many countries to take more serious actions in energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction initiatives. On 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement – the Paris Agreement – to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. The central aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep global temperature rises well below 2 °C relative to pre-industrial levels and to pursue further efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C [1–3]. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016 and 175 Parties had ratified it as of April 2018 [4]. To meet the targets of the Paris Agreement, greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced sig-nificantly. Fig. 1 shows the Intended Nationally Determined Contribu- tions (INDCs) as percentages in CO2 reduction by 2030 below 2005 levels for the major CO2 emitting countries [5], together with their shares of global CO2 emissions in 2015 [6]. These major countries ac- counted for 80% of global CO2 emissions in 2015.

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