ECON 345: Academic Integrity Dataset Description - Economics Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Please read the questions and instructions carefully. It is important that you take careful precaution in filling out the CSV answer file correctly - you are responsible for submitting answers in the correct format. Answers submitted in an incorrect format (eg. an Excel file, a Numbers file, or incorrectly formatted CSV file) will not be counted.

To start answering the below questions you will have to use your own personal and INDIVIDUAL dataset (which has your V-Number as the file name) on CO2 emissions and other macro-economic variables. Your correct answers will differ from everyone else's correct answers. All answers MUST be submitted using the CSV file provided: "answers_X.csv" where X stands for your V-number. All numeric answers must be entered as numbers in the relevant cell in the CSV file. Make sure that your V-Number matches the V-Number in the relevant cell in the CSV answer sheet - note that the leading zeros of your V-number are not shown (do not add the zeros to your V-number!).

Please note that both the dataset and questions are unique to each exam. You have to answer your exam only. If you answer a different exam, this will result in a score of 0.

Submit both the completed answer CSV file, as well as your R-code to Brightspace by Dec. 19th, 4pm (Pacific time). You will only be marked on your submitted CSV file, but your submitted R-code file can help you to be used in case there are problems with your submitted answers.

Academic Integrity

This is an open-book exam, meaning that you are free to access all your personal notes, lecture slides, lab examples, and the textbook. However, I want to be very clear that this exam must be taken individually and not with a friend, classmate, or group. Further, you are not allowed to share or discuss - online or otherwise - any information (including the exam paper, questions, or answers) with others. This includes asking or sharing questions about the exam, the exam paper, datasets, answers, or the code used to obtain your answers. Sharing such information is easily traceable as you each have individualised exams linked to your name and unique V-Numbers, and violates UVic's academic integrity policy which would have very serious consequences.

Dataset Description

Your dataset contains data on CO2 emissions, GDP, and other macro-economic indicators for a single country over time. Your dataset includes variables denoting CO2 emissions ("co2_emiss", in kt of CO2), GDP ("gdp", in millions of dollars), investment in renewable technology ("inv", in millions of dollars), whether a country has introduced a carbon price ("price", 0 for no price, 1 for having a price), whether a particular year was a recession ("recession", 0 for no recession, 1 for a recession), and the year of each observation ("year"). All models you estimate should include an intercept unless the question says otherwise. Answers should be given in the unit of measurement of the variable (i.e. the same unit as the dataset specifies) - for example, if a question asks for the change in emissions for a one-unit change in GDP, and your estimated model suggests "2", then the answer is 2. Answers relating to a percentage change should be given as numbers without the percentage sign, for example, if a question asks for a specific percentage change and the answer is 7%, then the correct answer to report is 7. As the answers are machine-read, make sure to only include numbers in the cells of your answer sheet. If the answer is "2", write 2 in the cell. Do NOT write "The answer is 2" or similar as it will be marked as an incorrect answer.

Questions

Load your unique dataset into R, carefully read each question (there is plenty of time!) and answer the the following questions by completing and submitting the answer CSV file as well as your R-code:

## [1] "Final for: V926739"

##  [1] "Q1: What is the average level of CO2 emissions in the sample?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [2] "Q2: What is the highest level of CO2 emissions in the sample?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [3] "Q3: What is the sample standard deviation of CO2 emissions?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [4] "Q4: Consider a simple linear regression model where a percentage change in GDP has a constant percentage change effect on CO2 emissions. What is the predicted percentage change in CO2 emissions for a 1% increase in GDP?"                                                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [5] "Q5: Consider again the above model. What is the sample covariance of the residual and the independent variable?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [6] "Q6: Consider again the above model. What is the sample correlation of the residual and the independent variable?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
##  [7] "Q7: Consider again the above model. What proportion of variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable? (answers should range between 0 and 1)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [8] "Q8: Consider again the above model. What is the standard error of the regression?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [9] "Q9: Consider again the above model. What is the estimated variance of the regression intercept?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [10] "Q10: Now consider a multiple linear regression model of CO2 emissions as a function of GDP and its square. What is the marginal effect of a one unit increase in GDP on CO2 emissions at the mean level of GDP?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [11] "Q11: Consider again the same multiple regression model. What is the predicted change in emissions of a two standard deviation increase in GDP at the mean level of GDP?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [12] "Q12: Consider a multiple linear regression model of CO2 emissions, controlling for GDP, its square, and investment in renewable technology. What is the t-statistic for a test of whether the coefficient on investments equals zero?"                                                                                                                                                                                                 
## [13] "Q13: Consider again the above regression model. What is the t-statistic for a test of whether the coefficient on investments equals 3?"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
## [14] "Q14: What are the appropriate degrees of freedom for the above t-test?"      

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