Highlights
Task:
Consider the four-node power network illustrated in Figure 1, where all quantities are expressed in per unit on a common base.
Figure 1
1) Produce the admittance matrix for the network.
2) Write a Matlab code to calculate the voltages at all nodes in the network, using the Gauss-Seidel method. End the iterations when, at all nodes, the magnitude of the variation of the voltage phasor from one iteration to the next one is less than 10-4 p.u.
a. Report the final estimated values of all node voltages (magnitude and phase).
b. How many iterations were necessary? Show why this number of iteration was necessary, based on the results from the last 3 iterations.
V1 = 1.05
δ1 = 0
P2 = -0.9
Q2 = -0.5
z12 = 0.01+j0.5
P4 = -0.4
Q4 = -0.1
P3 = 0.6
V3 = 1.0
Z34 = 0.01+j1.0
z14 = 0.02+j1.0 Z23 = 0.005+j0.5
z13 = 0.02+j2.0
3) Based on the final voltage estimates obtained in 2), calculate:
a. The real power and the reactive power produced or absorbed by the slack node in the network.
b. The reactive power produced or absorbed by the generator node in the network.
c. The current (magnitude and phase) flowing in line 14 in the network (i.e., the line connecting nodes 1 and 4), and the real power dissipated on the same line.
d. The total real power dissipated in the network.
4) Based on the final voltage estimates obtained in 2), answer the following questions:
a. Can the network satisfy the condition that requires the voltage magnitude at all load nodes to be within a ±10% difference from the nominal value (1 p.u.)? If not, which node(s) do(es) not satisfy this condition?
b. What could be changed in the network (without changing the loads) to bring the voltages at load nodes closer to the nominal voltage? There’s no need to carry out new power flow calculations, a theoretical answer is enough.
5) Assume that the generators connected to nodes 1 and 3 are synchronous generators, with synchronous reactances Xs1 = 2.0 p.u. (node 1) and Xs3 = 1.3 p.u. (node 3). Based on the simplified equivalent circuit of the synchronous generator shown in Figure 2, and using the final values for the voltages and powers calculated in 2) and 3):
a. Calculate the load angle and the magnitude of the electromotive force for each generator.
b. Draw a phasor diagram for each generator. In each diagram, clearly indicate the terminal voltage, the generated current, the electromotive force and the load angle.
c. For each generator, calculate the value of the angle between terminal voltage and current.
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