Engineering - Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment - Flocculation - Sedimentation - Filtration - Assessment Answer

Internal Code: 1AIBIG Assignment Task: A newly formed city wants to construct a drinking water treatment plant and distribution system. The design capacity of the treatment plant is 1+0.2*last digit of the student ID m 3 /s, with an initial demand expected to be only half the design capacity. The first customer is expected to receive water after 24 hr of disinfection and customer at the end of the distribution system is expected to be around 3 days after the disinfection. Consider chlorine is used as a disinfectant, for both primary and secondary disinfection. 1. Based on the chemical composition of source water quality data given below what can you tell about the water quality. What parameters require treatment with what priority? 2. Design coagulation (size of the tank and mixing speed), flocculation (size of the tank and mixing power, mixer dimension and revolutions), sedimentation tank (dimension and removal efficiency), rapid sand filtration, and disinfection facilities. 3. Suggest a process for Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ removal and where would you place it in the process train and why. Calculate a theoretical need for an oxidant consider chlorine and permanganate and discuss the pros and cons for each. 4. Interpret Table 1 with jar test data and what conditions would you select and why? 5. Using the data on enhanced coagulation (Table 2), propose a modification to the design necessary to meet the new regulation that will be specifying a maximum 80 and 60 ppb of TTHM and HAA5, respectively. 6. If customers are neither expected to receive more than 0.6 mg/L (aesthetic requirement) nor less than 0.2 mg/L of chlorine (health requirement), how do you think you would meet this condition? 7. Calculate the CT value achieved by your dosing and compare with the table of values given in the lecture notes to understand whether the CT value is met by your dosing. 8. Prioritise the following considerations: aesthetic, health, DBP, CT. 9. Discuss other problems associated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in water. 10. At what pH should be the distribution system operated and why? What can be done to reduce water hardness and prevent calcite from the build up on water heaters? Flocculation 1. Bring particles into contact, to collide, stick together and grow to a size that will readily settle 2. Accomplished by slow, gentle mixing 3. Enough mixing must be provided to keep the floc in suspension 4. Too much mixing will shear the floc particles and disperses it Accomplished with an axial-flow impeller, paddle flocculator or a baffled chamber 5. Flocculator basin should be divided into at least 3 compartments, with velocity gradient G tapered from the first compartment to the last, avg G value selected from the table 6. Gto affects the total number of collisions between particles that occur in the flocculation 7. Softening floc is heavier than coagulation floc; requires higher G value Sedimentation 1. Sedimentation basin zones: inlet, settling, outlet, and sludge storage 2. Inlet zone evenly distribute the flow and suspended particles across the cross-section of the settling zone 3. Configuration and depth of sludge storage depends on the method and frequency of cleaning, the quantity of sludge estimated Sedimentation Tank Design Determine the surface area of a settling tank for the city of Urbana’s 0.5 m3/s design flow using the design overflow are from the previous example. Compare this surface area with that which results from assuming a typical overflow rate of 20 m3/d · m2. Find the depth of the clarifier for the overflow rate and detention time found in the previous example. Filtration 1. Turbidity for water leaving sedimentation tank usually in the order from 1 – 10 TU 2. Filtration process normally used to reduce the turbidity to 0.3 TU 3. Process of separating suspended or colloidal impurities from water by passage through a porous medium (i.e, sand) 4. Water fills the pores between the sand particles, and the impurities are left behind, either clogged or attached to the sand particle.

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