Epidemiology: Arsenic Exposure From Drinking Water- Mortalities In Bangladesh Case Study- Nursing Assignment Help

Internal Code: 1GIHA

Nursing Assignment Help:

Task: SECTION 1 The questions in Section 1 relate to the article: Argos M et al. Arsenic exposure from drinking water, and all-cause and chronic-disease mortalities in Bangladesh (HEALS): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2010; 376:252-258. Q1. What was the main aim of this study? Q2.Identify the criteria for selection into the study and discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of these criteria. Q3. Were the authors successful at minimising loss-to- follow-up? Provide data to support your answer. Q4. What was the primary outcome of the study and how was it ascertained? Q5. Comment on two advantages and two disadvantages of the method of ascertainment of the primary outcome? Q6. a) In this analysis, what were the primary exposure variables and how were they defined? b) Comment on one strength and one weakness for each of the primary exposure variables. Q7. Is there evidence in this paper to indicate that body mass index is a confounder of the relationship between arsenic exposure and all-cause mortality? Q8. On page 255, 3 rd paragraph, the authors report the finding that “a one-quartile increase  in arsenic concentration in well water was associated  with a 15% increase in all-causemortality (95% CI 1.05-1.26)”. Explain the meaning/interpretation of this 95% CI in context to the paper. Q9. On page 255, 5 th paragraph, the authors report the finding that “multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for comparison of high baseline exposure to low baseline exposure as 1.46 (95% CI 1.14-1.86) for deaths occurring after follow-up 1”. Explain the meaning/interpretation of the HR. Q10. Did the authors observe a change in risk of all-cause death associated with changes in arsenic concentration in urine over time? Refer to or provide data to support your answer. Q11. What is the interpretation of the attributable proportion based upon well water for chronicdisease mortality of 24%?