First-Time Fathers’ Experiences and Needs During Childbirth - Review Writing - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Objective: Fathers have been increasingly involved in childbirth since 1990. Attendance at childbirth is considered to benefit fathers’ health as well as that of their partner and children. However, childbirth is a life event that parents may experience differently. First-time fathers’ experiences have been barely studied and may differ from those of fathers who have already had a child. In order to adapt support and care during childbirth to the needs of first-time fathers, a deeper insight must be gained into their experiences and needs during childbirth. Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted using PubMed, Embase and CINAHL as well as the snowball method. Quality appraisal was performed and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Pro- gramme. A thematic best evidence synthesis was performed. Findings: Of 821 articles, eight qualitative studies and the qualitative data of one mixed methods study were included. amongst other feelings, fathers experience a lack of knowledge and a need to be better prepared. First- time fathers want to be more involved and need guidance, information and honest answers to help them fulfil a supportive role. Fathers disregard their own needs to focus on the needs of the mother. Meeting the baby for the first time changes the focus from the mother to the child, and fathers need time and privacy for this special moment. Key conclusions and implications for practice: To adapt support and care during childbirth to the needs of first-time fathers, professionals must be aware of their needs. Professionals must realise the significant influence of their professional behaviour on first-time fathers’ experiences. Care for first-time fathers should be formalised. Follow- up research must be conducted on integrating the preparation of first-time fathers into prenatal care. Education and training of professionals must be improved.

Introduction
Every minute, 258 births occur worldwide ( “Indexmundi geboorte- cijfers, ”2018 ). The average annual number of births in the Nether- lands has been approximately 177,000 over the last 10 years, most of which are first children for the father ( Perined, 2019 ). Childbirth is a life event for both parents. In the past, care during childbirth was pri- marily focused on the expectant mother ( Dye, 1980 ). Much research has been published on mothers’ experiences of childbirth ( Aune et al., 2015 ; Beake RM, Chang BA, Cheyne RM, Spiby Mphil, Sandall RM, RM 2018 ; de Jonge et al., 2014 ; Dixon et al., 2014 ; Elmir et al., 2010 ; Hall et al.

Synthesis
Thematic analysis was used ( Thomas and Harden, 2008 ). Repeated reading of the text and constant comparison were used to identify sim- ilarities and differences in the data highlighting the themes. Categories were developed, with at least two findings from different articles per category. The main themes and categories were reviewed, and analyt- ical themes were developed. The research group discussed the entire process until agreement was reached (MV, MHG, AH). To describe the best evidence synthesis, the methodological quality of the studies and the evidence level of the findings were considered. Proper et al. recognised three levels of evidence ( Proper et al., 2011 ): –Strong evidence –findings are consistent in two or more high-quality studies; –Moderate evidence –findings are consistent in one high-quality and at least one low-quality study, and; –Insufficient evidence –findings are only available in one study, or in- consistent findings are available in two or more studies ( Proper et al., 2011 ).

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