Fundamental Distinction Between two Types of Data - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

There exists a fundamental distinction between two types of data:
Quantitative data is information about quantities, and therefore numbers, and qualitative data is descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language.

Qualitative Quantitative.

Conceptual Concerned with understanding human behavior from the informantsperspective. Assumes their dynamic and negotiated reality.

Concerned with discovering facts about social phenomena. Assumes a fixed and measurable reality.

Methodological. Data are collected through participant observation and interviews.
Data are analyzed by teams from descriptions by informants.
Data are reported in the language of informant.

• Data are collected through measuring things.
• Data are analyzed through numerical comparisons and statistical inferences.
• Data are reported through statistical analysis.

Source adapted from:Minchiellio et al. 1990 p.5
Qualitative research is multimethod in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Denzin and Lincoln (1994, p. 2)
Qualitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data, such as language. Qualitative research can be used to understand how an individual subjectively perceives and gives meaning to their social reality.

Methods (used to obtain qualitative data)
There are different types of qualitative research methods including diary accounts, in-depth interviews, documents, focus groups, case study research, and ethnography. The results of qualitative methods provide a deep understandings of how people perceive their social realities, and in consequence, how they act within the social world. The researcher has several methods for collecting empirical materials, ranging from the interview to direct observation, to the analysis of artifacts, documents, and cultural records, to the use of visual materials or personal experience. Denzin and Lincoln (1994, p. 14)

A good example of a qualitative research method would be unstructured interviews which generate qualitative data through the use of open questions.  This allows the respondent to talk in some depth, choosing their own words.  This helps the researcher develop a real sense of a person’s understanding of a situation.
Notice that qualitative data could be much more than just words or text. Photographs, videos, sound recordings and so on, can be considered qualitative data.
 

Quantitative Research
Quantitative research involves the process of objectively collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or control variables of interest.
The goals of quantitative research are to test causal relationships between variables, make predictions, and generalize results to wider populations.
Quantitative researchers aim to establish general laws of behavior and phenonomon across different settings/contexts. Research is used to test a theory and ultimately support or reject it.

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