FV3103: Outline the Concepts of Inherent Safety, Goals and the Different Design - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Answer all the following questions. You may use diagrams or illustrations in your answers.

Question 1: a) Outline the concepts of inherent safety, its goals and the different design approaches that can be adopted to achieve these goals. (5 Marks)

b) Outline the concepts of engineered safety, its goals and the main types of protective devices that can be deployed to achieve these goals. (5 Marks)

Question 2: a) Describe, briefly, how safety assurance in design and operation can be achieved. (5 Marks) b) The old batch process for the manufacture of nitro-glycerin Reaction was carried out using 1 tonne of material. Can the process be made safer? (5 Marks)

Question 3: a) Describe the technique known as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability study) for identifying hazards and problems that prevent efficient operation. (5 Marks)

b) At what stage in the design process should HAZOP be performed? What people should a HAZOP team contain? (5 Marks)

Question 4: A tank containing gasoline is surrounded by a circular bund of diameter 10 m. The gasoline leaks and occupies the bunded area. Given that the fuel ignites determine:

• The total radiative flux from the flame

• The flame temperature given that the fire radiates as a black body

• The incident thermal radiation on a person standing 15m from the circumference of the bund. Assume that the wind speed is negligible, the proportion of heat radiated is 0.4, the mass burning rate of the fuel is 0.1 kg/(m2s), the density of air at ambient temperature is 1.17 kg/m3 , the temperature of the surroundings is 288 K, the calorific value of the fuel is 45 MJ/kg and the atmospheric transmissivity is 1.0. (10 Marks)

Question 5: The diagram shows a simple flow control and protection (trip) system. The flow controller (FC) takes a signal from the orifice plate (OP) and transmitter (FT) and UCLAN FIRE www.uclan.ac.uk/fire 4 controls the flow of a process stream by means of a flow controller (FC) and control valve (CV) to ensure that too high a flow rate does not occur. In order to guard against failure of the flow controller and the control valve, a protective system is provided. This consists of a solenoid valve (SV) which takes a signal from the flow transmitter (FT) and a trip valve (TV). Draw a fault tree to calculate the total failure r rate of the high flow rate. The failure rates for the components are as follows: Orifice plate 0.2 yr Flow transmitter 0.1 yr Flow controller 0.1 yr Control valve 0.15 yr Solenoid valve 0.1 yrA Trip valve 0.1 yr 1 The trip system is proof-tested every 2 months (20 Marks)

Question 6: a) A TLV for chlorine of 1 ppm. was given above. A different source gives 3 mg/m3 at 15 °C (288 K) and 1 bar. Do these correspond? (The molecular weight, M, of chlorine is 71 g) (5 Marks)

b) At the 1973 ammonia accident in South Africa 18 fatalities occurred over an approximately circular area having an estimated population at the time of the leak of 250. Using the information for ammonia given above estimate the concentration over the area if inhalation was for a 30-minute period. Explain the result and compare it with chlorine. he concentration C = 2239 ppm. (5 Marks)

Question 7: A leakage of ethane occurs which is initially vertical. The wind speed is low (? 1 m/s) and the conditions are cloudless and sunny. At what distance from the source will the UCLAN FIRE www.uclan.ac.uk/fire 5 height of the gas envelope be 100 m? If the day is overcast with strong winds, what will the distance be? Note: Ethane is only slightly more dense than air, therefore a passive treatment is appropriate. (10 Marks)

Question 8: What would be the overpressure at a distance of 300 m if a 30 tonne tank of propane ruptured and the vapour cloud exploded? Ambient temperature = 293 K Specific heat, = 2.41 kJ/( kg K) Boiling point = 231 K Latent heat = 410 kJ/kg (10 Marks)

Question 9: The actual distribution and concentration of gas / air mixture depends on a large number of different, but often interrelated factors. Outline these factors.

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