German Gentile Approaches Judenrat - Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

DEBATE STRUCTURE
Your grade will consist of the following available points:
The team that finishes with an obviously stronger position than the other team [10 point maximum]
Preparation – are you prepared with a sufficient number of questions to ask the opposing side?; do those questions directly address what is being debated?; is it apparent that you have met with your group to plan your strategy? [5 point maximum]

Research –

• Have you studied and researched your position of the debate to answer questions posed to your side of the argument?;
• have you presented a well-researched argument in support of the answer you have given?;
• does your research demonstrate familiarity with the relevant literature relevant to your debate topic?
• Such literature might be in the Journal of Business Ethics, Business Ethics: A European Review, Business Ethics Quarterly, Business & Society Review, the Journal of Macromarketing, etc. All of these are available through our Library. [5 point maximum]
• ?Teamwork – have you helped to prepare your team for its presentation (this will be a peer evaluation ) [5 point maximum]

• How will the debate go?
• Time: around 15 - 20 minutes with people speaking around 1-2 minutes each
• Introduction, question123, conclusion, rebuttal (together to answer)
• For, against, for, against etc……

Debate process:
The following is a guideline for you to use in preparation for the debates:

• An opening statement will be made by the Pro side of the argument • approximately 1-2 minutes in length • presented by a chosen member of your team • state your team’s position and the arguments/solutions the team will be proposing
• An opening statement will be made by the Con side of the argument • approximately 1-2 minutes in length • presented by a chosen member of your team • state your team’s position and the arguments/solutions the team will be proposing
• Pro side will propose a question to the Con side of the argument [no longer than thirty (30) seconds].
• Con side will answer the question using facts, figures, data, etc. for support of the response [response should be no longer than one (1) to two (2) minutes in length].
• Rebuttal response by the Pro side may be offered [thirty (30) second response]
• Con side will propose a question to the Pro side of the argument [no longer than thirty (30) seconds].
• Pro side will answer the question using facts, figures, data, etc. for support of the response [response should be no longer than (1) to two (2) minutes in length].
• Rebuttal response by Con side may be offered [thirty (30) second response].
• Steps three (3) through eight (8) will continue until the end of the debate. (3-4 concise and clear questions per side)
• Each side, Con side first, and Pro side second, will present a conclusion/final argument/statement. (3 minutes each)
• Given debate side - Con: The ring given to Oskar Schindler by Itzhak Stern was to empower Schindler, albeit with entirely different powers to those Gyges had from his ring.
• How to prepare for this debate as the con side:
• State your positioning
• Relate it to schindler
• Relate it to Gyges
• Back up with ethical theory - relating to the concepts/theories from weekly class/lectures
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• Why is this significant and relevant to topic ab
• Summary
• 1939- Krawkow Poland; Nazi army has taken Poland, Polish Jews are being moved to 600 year- Kraow Ghetto
• Oskar Schindler- German Gentile approaches Judenrat (Jewish Council)
• Wants to make a business but Itzhak Stern turns him down
• 2 years post this- Krakow is overpopulated and becomes prison for the Jews
• Approaches council again- and because they are desperate for foods and goods agree
• Stern becomes production manager- hires people in ghetto as skilled workers, even for people who are inexperienced, rabbi, musician, history professor
• Schindler tells wife he’s going to get rich- because of the war, selling crockery to Nazi friends
• Stern leaves identification papers behind - Nazi are quick to put him on Auschwitz train, Schindler saves him by saying he will end the Nazi officer’s career- But Schindler didn’t do it for Stern’s sake
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• By hiring Jews at factory- Schindler was able to cheat Nazi externmination of 1,100 men, women and children- Argues that children are needed as small hands polish artillery shell casings
• New commander arrived at Plazov- Amon Goeth: sadistic man, shoots people as target practise
• At his order Nazi troopers liquidate Krakow ghetto or people moved to Plazov
• Back at worker Schindler is alone- worker’s are gone, goes to Amon Goeth and asks for workers back- says he is losing money
• Goeth asks for cut of profit- gives workers back excerpt Stern
• Before this Schindler was profit motivated- but now he changes- sees his Jewish workers as people
• Goeth- tells maid he likes her and then he accuses her of seducing him and cuts her up with glass
• More prisoner’s arriving from Plazov and Goeth wants to make room for them so he gets them to run naked- if they appear unhealthy are killed
• Jew children being taken away and exterminated and some hide in latrine
• Stern tells Schindler everyone is being sent to Auschwitz
• Schindler approaches Goeth and asks if he can buy the workers’ lives- transferred to another camp to set up factory- Schindler and Stern make up as many names Schindler can afford= 1100 Jews
• Schinder’s jews are taken to safe haven= Schindler hometown in Czechoslovakia- only men and boys arrive
• Women and girls sent to Auschwitz= has to bribe overseer with diamonds
• Finally for remainder of 7 months of war- factory produces useless artillery shells- Schindler doesn’t want to contribute to killing
• End of war- Schindler has spent entire fortune saving people
• Says goodbye to Jew friends- considered war criminal- feels bad because he said he could have saved more people by selling car and jewelry- But Stern gives him letter
• Signed by everyone and gold ring with quote- Whoever saves one life saves entire world
• Collected gold by extracting own gold teeth and melting them down
• Talmud quote “Whoever saves one saves an entire world”
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• Story of Gyges
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• Origin of society is a first in Western thought
• Theory is example of the social contract theory
• Social contract theory assumes humans used to live in pre-social setting (without rules, regulations or cooperation) and for various reasons got together and agreed to setting up society
• Social contract theory assumes human decided to build a society with rules 1- for the sake of common good or 2- for the sake of self protection
• Glaucon’s theory- claims that humans primarily look after themselves
• To illustrate point he told story of man named Gyges
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• Gyges= Shepherd in Lydia
• He was caught in storm and earthquake which left hole in the ground
• Explored chasm and found hollow bronze horse with corpse of giant inside
• Giant wore gold ring on finger
• Gyges took the ring and left, and later wearing the ring met with shepherds
• During meeting Gyges happened to twist the ring- and he became invisible
• Realising advantages of being invisible- he arranged to be one of the elected messengers who report to the king about his sheep
• Gyges went to town, seduced the queen and conspired with her to kill the king
• He then took over kingdom, sired a dynasty and became ancestor of famous King Croesus
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• Page 263
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• If the invisibility ring is the perfect outlet for selfishness will we all grab the chance, as Plato’s brother Glaucon speculates or will we fight temptation?
• Glaucon’s question is- Suppose we had 2 rings, give one to a decent person, one to a scoundrel- a scoundrel will abuse a ring for personal gain but how about a decent person?
• Glaucon it is same thing- human nature are identical
• Decent persons will do unjust things just as quickly as scoundrels if they can get away with it: and if they don’t take advantage of such situations they are stupd
• Glaucon argues in favour of ethical egoism
• Didactic- to teach us a moral lesson
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• Republic of Plato
• Glaucon’s story of the Ring of Gyges- Glaucon is playing the devil’s advocate provoking Socrates into defending the concept of justice. Glaucon is advancing three separate arguments in favour of selfishness hoping to get a reaction out of Socrates 1- presents social contract theory, 2- narrates story of the Ring and follows it up with hypothesis: What if we had 2 invisibility rings and gave one to just man and one to unjust man and 3. He asks if there really is any profit to being good, and if it isn’t more profitable to be excellent at being bad (selfish)
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• Glaucon was arguing against Socrates’ position of justice
• Glaucon argued by nature humans are selfish and unjust and that justice is not good in itself; instead justice is consequential good- valued only for the beneficial consequences
• Glaucon told story of Ring of Gyges to illustrate his point justice is always self interested
• Adeimantus supplemented Galucon’s argument- as he said people are only good because of the benefit it brings; E.G. good reputation
• Glaucon states that there are three types of good; the first category is good desired for its own sake (intrinsic goods), for example, happiness. The second category is goods that are desired for their own sake and also for their consequences. The third category is consequential goods (instrumental goods), for example, medicine. Socrates said that he believed justice falls into the second category; according to him justice is good intrinsically and instrumentally. However, Glaucon said many people would argue justice falls into the third category:
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• It is normally in the painful category of goods, which we pursue for the rewards they bring and in the hope of a good reputation, but which in themselves are to be avoided as unpleasant. Glaucon argued that, by nature, doing injustice is good but the law can force you to act against that. According to Glaucon, justice is naturally bad and injustice is naturally good. No one willingly is just; therefore if you gave people the power to be unjust without suffering any penalty then they would all do it. He then went on to say that by nature we all have these selfish desires; we all want what is best for us. Consequently we will want to commit injustices and not worry about what is good for other people but simply to pursue our own natural good. He argued that we only do the right thing because we have to; anybody with the power to do otherwise would in fact do otherwise-in other words, they would eventually act unjustly.
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• Glaucon told the story of The Ring of Gyges in an attempt to illustrate his point that justice has a “relative value due to our inability to do wrong.”
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• https://medium.com/indian-thoughts/the-ring-of-gyges-is-justice-always-self-interested-f67b4689f742
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• Arguments for Con side:
• Not to empower- ring given after the war, during the war
• 1- Self preservation
• 2- Symbol of hope/ courage- antithesis of Gyges- acted out of invisibility: Schindler was invisible because he was jew (other side)
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• Virtue theories- notion of courage, gratitude- could say Schindler was presenting a duty of care- feminist perspective: Did Schindler’s character shift- economic decision and then wasn’t acting out of ethics, was acting out of economic advance- did it change towards the end: under what theorem would best describe that?
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• Arguments instead of empower (we are arguing that the ring still has a different purpose to that of Gyges):
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• 1. Symbol of gratitude (relate to Gyges)
• The ring given to Oskar Schindler was a sign of utmost gratitude from the Schindler jews. The ring was in no way to empower Schindler but to ensure he knew how grateful the jewish workers were for his courageous acts, knowing there was no way to repay the gift of life. Throughout the film it shows how Schindler is awakened to the harsh humanity that jewish people were living in. Schindler gave them hope by protecting them from the holocaust as best as he knew how to. The ring states “''Whoever saves one life saves the world entire''. The jewish people wanted Schindler to know that by saving them, he had essentially saved humanity. This one quote captures and reinstates the sentiments and meaning of the entire film.
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• On the other hand, gyges stole the ring off the corpse of a giant. He was not given the ring, nor did he deserve it. Gyges showed no gratitude and used the ring to commit selfish and relentless acts. Glaucon argues that we only do good things if we have to, but as we can see through Schindler’s selfless acts, this is untrue.
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• 2. Started off economic- and then changed: redeeming:
• Businessman making profit off the jews
• Character development
• How is it empowering from the start
• Look into Virtue ethics- week 9 lecture
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• 3. Self-preservation Eternal promise to return the favour- good actions and help him if allies capture him: -relates to gyes
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• This narrative served as an exploration of Oskar Schindler’s personal growth and development, as a man making cunning choices, rather than a man that was rewarded and empowered through his actions at the end of the story. Initially, Schindler was portrayed as a cunning industrialist, who wanted to accumulate high profits and being in a good position with the Nazi officers. However, later on his rescue efforts show great personal sacrifices amidst adversity. This led his workers giving him a ring, not as a token of empowerment but rather as a tool to assuage his guilt, for his actions at the beginning of the Holocaust. Schindler previously acted with the motivation being purely self preservation. When Schindler first arrived in Krakow he looked to take advantage of the business opportunities rather than abiding by one’s moral compass. Individuals could argue he was opportunistic, in that he decided the best way to get ahead would be by collaborating with the Nazi jews, acquired additional laborers to work at his factory, utilised connections to make war contracts, and got monetary rewards for his efforts. This suggests that he was motivated purely from a financial perspective, and overlooked the dehumanising condition of the Jews, as he was able to overlook this by his strong economic position. Later on, his desire to save as many Jews as possible became the driving force behind his actions, one could argue that this was also in the name of self preservation, as the allies were losing, his business wasn’t turning a profit, and the ring was given as a token of self preservation from his workers’ to return the favour and extend that same level of care to him.
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• Utilizing this analysis, we can draw upon the theory of ethical egoism. Ethical egoism precludes claims that individuals only act in accordance with their own self interests.
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• Drawing on ethical theory: Ethical Egoism
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• 4. Symbol of courage/hope to be able to protect the Jews like he did- whilst Gyges had no courage
• (Argue point that the ring was given as a symbol of courage/hope to Schindler in hopes of a better future, relate back to Gyges & back up with ethical theory)
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• Schindler was offered the gold ring as a symbol of his courage in protecting the Jews as he did. He had spent his entire fortune on saving their lives and allowing them to escape for a better life. As Stern tells him “the list is life”, it represents the opportunity Schinler gave the Jews for a sole chance of survival. His act was courageous and showed bravery, putting his own life at risk. The Jews were eternally grateful and thus offered back a symbol of hope for Schindler. The ring gave him an amount of their fortune, returning the favour which he gave to them. Given that Schindler was considered a war criminal, the ring was a symbol of their gratitude and hope towards him getting his life back, not a way to empower him in any way.
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• Gyges used his ring, which he took, to commit unjust acts and solely benefit himself. This remains different to the ring handed to Schindler which was to thank him for his good deeds. The story of Gyges represents one of ethical egoism, that everyone ought to look out for themselves. Though had Schindler been an ethical egoist he would not have looked out for the Jews in the war and saved many lives….
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• 5. Schindler owed the Jews a Duty of Care
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• Initially, Schindler only wanted to make profit when he hired the Jews but he had a change of heart and decided to save as many lives as possible, even willingly spending his entire fortune away. Technically speaking, Schindler was essentially the boss of his business and any employees working for him, to a certain extent, deserve a reasonable Duty of Care for their employer. The principle of duty of care is to avoid harm for your workers, however, what Schindler did for his employees was much more than that as he used an excuse of his business failing due to lack of labor and spent his own money to buy back all the workers in order to save their lives, which certainly exceeds his duty of care.
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• His heroism doesn’t end there, when he found out women and girls were still being sent away from his hometown away from their families, he decided to bribe the overseers and fight for their daughter’s freedom in order to bring them to safety, saving them from the hands of Goeth that has a mindset of dominant male that discriminates female, as we can see from the narrative, he injures the young maid and accuses her for seducing him when she was only afraid and unarmed. According to Radical Feminism theory, he clearly saw women as lesser beings as men and that mindset shouldn’t be tolerated.
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• According to Glaucon, humans are only selfish and when given the ring of gyges, they would only perform acts of self-interest. However, that is not the case for Schindler as truly wanted to save as many lives as possible and even spent his entire fortune away to do so, with thoughts of saving even more lives after. Glaucon was wrong to expect the worst in human beings as not all humans are born selfish. Schindler could’ve abuse his employees or keep their wages for himself since he was the boss, although his initial motive was to earn profit, he had realized that saving lives during the holocaust should be top priority.

6. We are equals now- Jews and workers don’t owe Schindler owe anything, Letter and Ring:

7. Going against authority, social norms- For both Schindler and Gyges- wanted to create social change/ be self serving


8. Didactic tool, teach a lesson rather than empower people: One to give invisibility and one was token of appreciation



9. Both in a position of power- Schindler did it for morally correct things, Gyges used it to hurt people- Schindler already had the power- ring wasn’t empowerment
Schindler, a business man, had an existing position of power, as someone who was cosied up with Nazi officials in the war. He was able to take over the apartment of a Jewish businessman and was able to build a factor to help the Jews at war. This position of power he was in did not require more empowerment. He was able to give up everything as he was a German working for the Nazis. He was already powerful enough and the ring was only handed to him after he lost this power, not as a form of giving him any power back, but as a sign of their gratitude for his helpful acts. The Jews had no reason to empower him and would not have benefited further from any ‘power’ it would have given him through the ring. Gyges was only given power when handed the ring, prior he was solely a shepherd with no hopes of being in such a position. Unlike Schindler's ring, Gyges was handed a ring which allowed him to commit unjust acts which caused harm to others. Whilst Schindler was handed his ring for his just acts which saved others.
Though their remains a difference in the power behind the rings, Schindler took his power and acted altruistically, looking out for everyone but himself, which led to him in the end having nothing. Whilst as Glaucon argues, Gyges and everyone act out of selfishness and that you ought to look out for yourself. Which ultimately led to his power as the king, acting as an ethical egoist and only for his own benefit.

The ring given to Oskar Schindler by Itzhak Stern was to empower Schindler, albeit with entirely different powers to those Gyges had from his ring.


Questions to ask the tutor:
Are the above points good for our argument - yes they’re good.
How many ethical theories (relating the the lecture’s with ethical theories) do we use to inform our positioning, and how do we do this - a few can do
Do you have any other takes on the questions
How does she classify winning the debate
What do we need to address
How would we write an opening statement
What facts, figures, data do we need to add in?
Facts- Millions of jews put to slaughter what was Schindler’s position in that?- Facts from the film, film is the narrative basing it on
Schindler still had a part in the death of jewish people

Gyges - virtue theory. Schindler -duty of care, fmeinist perspective, did his position shift? He was acting out of economic advance at the beginning. Did his character change at the end? What theory can we use to support that

Question Ideas for the Pro Side - who is doing about the ring is about empowerment
How is it a symbol of empowerment when he wasn’t empowered at start
How would it have empowered Schindler when they gave it to him after the war when Schindler already helped the Jews?
Potential answer(s):
 

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