Globalization And Social Work With International And Local Implications - Social Work Assignment Help

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the indigenous culture, or that of minority ethnic groups within a given society. However, I argue that ‘globalization’ is a reality, that it affects all societies and sections within them (albeit in different ways), and that systems of welfare and the practices of social workers are affected by the processes and effects of globalization as well as other regional influences. In exploring these views, I will say something about the idea of international social work and aim to show how a catchphrase popular in the 1990s—‘think globally; act locally’—has particular relevance for social work. 

The paper is in three main sections. These focus on the concept of globalization itself and its relevance to collective welfare systems and individual well-being; and, second, ways in which changes are occurring in relation to educating social workers for practice in globalized conditions (including issues around the mobility of labor in the social professional field). Third, I consider how the transfer of ideas and changes in policy are affecting social work practices, using examples from the child-care field in the UK in particular. 

This paper aims to provide an introduction to the broad topic of globalization (rather than a detailed analysis of all its aspects) and to illustrate some of the ways in which social professionals are beginning to adapt education and practice developments in line with new realities. I also suggest that we need further research, theorizing, and cross-border work to identify in greater detail how global and regional influences impact national frameworks, local communities, and service developments. 

Globalization and its implications for welfare 

Defining ‘globalization’—or even tracing the origins of the concept—is not an easy task. For many, the economic aspects of globalization are paramount. For instance, in a recent Handbook of Globalisation (Mitchie, 2003), over half (seventeen) of the thirty-one authors write from an economic perspective (including one who writes from his position in an anti-free trade, pro-localist think tank). Economic activity has also been described as the ‘lynchpin’ of globalization by two authors writing about its relevance to social welfare (Khan and Dominelli, 2000, p. 96). In sum mary, they identified this process as having the following key features: 

• mobility of production processes from advanced industrial (or post-industrial) countries to developing countries (to which we could add the transfer of some service industries, such as call-centers); 

Clearly, ideas emanating from political economy and resultant economic and commercial activities and arrangements have a significant bearing on the opportunity for any kind of employment—or particular kinds of employment— at the local level. Whether we are thinking about the UK or the Ukraine, Pakistan or Peru, the nature and amount of paid work available have implications both for the overall economies of countries and for the well-being of individuals and families. In relation to the latter, employment affects areas such as identity, morale, and relationships as well as the financial viability of individuals, family units, and particular communities. Thus, the ability of transnational companies to relocate at will to sites that can provide them with advantageous conditions (e.g. because of a low-cost labor supply or limited regulation of employment conditions or availability of a highly-skilled workforce) may override national or regional attempts to promote or maintain economic development— with resultant implications for resources available for other expenditure, including in relation to welfare (see later). 

But globalization has also been explored from other perspectives and its impact has been identified as extending beyond purely economic spheres. Other contributors to Mitchie (2003) come from a range of departmental and disciplinary backgrounds—international relations, government, politics, social theory, industrial relations, and management. Going back to the possible origins of the term, in 1972, Modelski (coming from international relations perspective) suggested a more broadly based definition focusing on the changing ways in which previously discreet societies are subject to the influence of, and interrelationships with, other states—a more rounded view reflected in a major text at the end of the 1990s (Held et al., 1999).

Globalization takes us beyond the bilateral and sometimes multilateral relationships evident in earlier periods of colonization and post-colonial arrangements to a situation where the impact of events and decisions in one country or region can have far-reaching effects on the populations of apparently or formally unrelated countries. Whether we think about the current widespread ramifications of conflicts in the Middle East or the rising concerns about climate change, it is clear that economic and political decisions—as well as the lifestyle and beliefs of some populations— have a bearing on the life chances of others, potentially affecting the global population. This requires us to think in terms of the interdependence of the world’s peoples, wherever they may be located. 

Interdependence, or ‘inter-connectedness’, is a concept that has been explored by writers in the field of migration. For instance, Castles (2000) identified cross-national relationships (which are not necessarily formalized) as being rooted in current and historical migration patterns. At a local level, social workers are often aware of the networks existing between particular minority ethnic communities and their countries of origin, which are manifest in various ways, including cultural influences and transfer of financial resources. In relation to the latter, we know that the possibility of formal employment, or illegal earnings, or perhaps even welfare benefits have been significant factors in attracting some people to countries such as the UK. On the reverse side of this coin,

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