Ground Improvement using Sand Drains - Design Calculations - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Ground improvement using sand drains

Two soft clay layers A and B, 10m and 8m thick, respectively, sandwich a 1m thick sand layer. Assume ground water level is at the ground surface.

Section A: Design calculations  
Part 1: Design without using sand drain 
1.1) What will be the time taken to achieve an average Degree of Consolidation (Uv) of 90% for Clay A and Clay B, respectively?
1.2) What will be the corresponding total ground surface settlements due Clay A and Clay B with respect to Q1.1) above?
1.3) If time of 3 years is desired to achieve average Uv of 90%, what will be the additional required surcharge pressure (p) (in kN/m2)?
1.4) If the sand used for permanent fill and surcharge has a bulk unit weight, ?s of 18 kN/m3, what will be the total permanent fill + surcharge height?
 

Part 2: Design using sand drain(based on Carillo’s Theorem of combined vertical & horizontal drainage)
2.1) Verify that Clay A is the more critical layer in terms of having a lesser average Degree of Consolidation (Uv) than Clay B based on a 9-month accelerated ground treatment program.
2.2) Subsequently from Q2.1) above, determine the sand drain spacing, S, in Clay A to achieve Combined Degree of Consolidation (Uv,h) = 90% if a square grid pattern is required, assuming smearing occurs during installation.
2.3) If Clay B were to be also treated using sand drains, evaluate the Combined Degree of Consolidation (Uv,h) of Clay B after 9 months if the spacing of sand drains in Clay B is 1.414 times the spacing in Clay A in Q2.2) and triangular pattern is required. Consider smearing occurred during installation.
 

Part 3: Engineering evaluation  
In about half a page, discuss the outcomes of each design philosophy; i.e. without sand drains (Part 1) and with sand drains (Part 2) focusing on the impact on construction timeline and safety

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