HLTENN003 - Development Stages Of Toddler - Principle for Health Assessment - Reassessment Of Life Priorities - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

HLTENN003 Perform clinical assessment and contribute to planning nursing care

Questions:

1. Write a short note on the following developmental stages of the toddler, preschool and school-aged child
a. Physical Growth
b. Psychosocial growth
c. Cognitive development
d. Motor development

2. Write a short note on the physical growth and development of an infant (0-12 months) Physical growth and development of an infant refers to an increase in body size (length or height and weight) and in the size organs. From birth to about to about age 1 0r 2 years, children grow rapidly. Physical development milestones(0-12 months) are: New-born: rough, random, uncoordinated, reflexive movement 3 months: head at 90-degree angle, uses arms to prop; visually track through midline 5 months: purposeful grasp: rollover; head lag disappears; reaches for objects; transfer objects from hand to hand; plays with feet; exercises body by stretching, moving; touch genitals, rock on stomach for pleasure 7 months: sits in ‘tripod’; push head and torso up off the floor; support weight on legs; “raking” with hands 9 months: gets to and from sitting; crawls, pulls to standing; stooping and recovering; finger thumb opposition; eye-hand coordination, but no hand preference 12 months: walking.

3. What is the importance of PLAY in a child’s development? There are many benefits to play. Children gain knowledge through their play. They learn to think, remember, and solve problems. Play gives children the opportunity to test their beliefs about the world. Children increase their problem-solving abilities through games and puzzles. Children involved in make-believe play can stimulate several types of learning. Children can strengthen their language skills by modeling other children and adults, books, games, and toys that show pictures and matching words add to a child’s vocabulary. It also helps a child’s understanding of the world. Play allows children to be creative while developing their own imaginations. It is important for healthy brain development. Playtime in school such as recess time allows learning and practicing basic social skills. Children develop a sense of self, learn to interact with other children, how to make friends and the importance of role-playing, exploratory play in school allows children time to discover and manipulate their surroundings.

4. Mention 4 impacts that a family may have if a child gets hospitalized. Families may feel apprehensive, distressed, lonely, afraid, worried, helpless and angry. Having a child hospitalized is a stressful event for parents who often experience anxiety and depression during the period of hospitalization. Some parents may react with guilt or anxiety, while others may exhibit emotional withdrawal, somatic complaints, shock, feelings of alienation, and hostility toward hospital staff.

5. Write a short note on the developmental stages of adolescence. Mention 4 common health issues they face during this period. Physical strength typically peaks in early adulthood(the 20’s and 30’s)- although physical changes are minimal during this phase, the weight and muscle mass change as a result of diet, exercise, pregnancy and lactation.- growth and strength in early adulthood, then slow process of decline afterwards- decline affected by health and lifestyles Piaget believed that the formal operational stage (ages 11 to 15) is the highest stage of thinking. Adults gain knowledge, but ways of thinking are the same as those of adolescents. Some researches disagree with Piaget and believe that thinking in early adulthood becomes more realistic and pragmatic. In his theory of psychosocial development, Erikson described two fundamental themes that dominate adulthood: love and work
• During early adulthood, individuals enter Erikson’s intimacy versus isolation stage (developmental task of forming intimate relationships with others or becoming socially isolated)

The period from 40 years of age to about 60
• Middle adulthood is a time of:- expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility
- Assisting the next generation in becoming competent, mature individuals

1. Reaching and maintaining satisfaction in career
2. A decline in physical skills
3. Balancing work and relationships
4. A reassessment of life’s priorities

Physical changes
Height reaches a maximum during the ’20s for most people and remains stable till about age 55.
• People get shorter with aging due to bone loss in their vertebrae
• Weight typically drops after we reach age 50; likely because we lose muscle

Cognitive changes:
Some intellectual abilities decline in middle age, but others increase

• Crystallized intelligence [acquired stored of information, skills, strategies] increases in middle adulthood
• Fluid intelligence [ability to deal with new situations])) begins to decline in middle

Emotional changes:
• Active involvement in teaching/guiding the next generation
• Stagnation involves not seeking outlets for involvement/being self-centered.

6. Write a short note on adulthood. Mention 3 major activities for each phase of adulthood. The period that begins in the 60s and lasts until death

• Late adulthood is the time of:

1. adjusting to retirement
2. decreasing strength and health
3. new social roles
4. reviewing one’s life

The heart:
• The arteries harden; the blood vessels shrink Wrinkles and age spots become more noticeable Skin loses its elasticity & collagen

1. hair becomes thinner and grayer
2. nails become thicker and more brittle with ridges
3. yellowing of teeth
4. more tiredness in the mornings

Emotional changes:
• Life review – involves looking back on one’s life experiences and evaluating them

Social changes:
• Some mature adults experience increased spirituality.

7. What impact does infertility have on parents?
• Individuals who learn they are infertile often experience the normal but nevertheless distressing emotions common to those who are grieving any significant loss – in this case, the ability to procreate. Typical reactions include shock, grief, depression, anger, and frustration, as well as the loss of self-esteem, self-confidence, and a sense of control over one’s destiny.

• Relationships may suffer- not only the primary relationship with a spouse or partner but also those with friends and family members who may inadvertently cause pain by offering well-meaning but misguided opinions and advice.

8. Describe briefly ONE method to assess the level of consciousness of a patient. GCS (GLASGOW COMA SCALE) is a scale that is used to determine or assess the
patient's level of consciousness, ranging from a fully conscious state to a state of coma. On examination of consciousness or GCS, there are 3 functions (E, V, M) to be examined, each function has different values, for the following explanation.
E: Eyes / Eye: total value of 4
V: Verbal: total value of 5
M: Motor/motion: the total value of 6

9. What is the rationale for mealtime management in Nursing Practice? Mealtime management is essential to health care practice in the field of intellectual disability because of:(i) the prevalence of malnutrition that results in underweight and obesity, and lack of nutrients, and (ii)the incidence of dysphagia that results in high rates of aspiration, pulmonary infection, and death.

10. How can EN assist a person in activities of daily living? Give examples of 3 aids that you can use for the same. Can assist in all ADL’s as per care needs of clients by assessing care needs utilizing observational and communication skills, helping physically with personal care needs, mobility and transfers. Utilizing the following equipment. Slide sheets, pat slide, lifting and standing machine during transfers, wheelchair. The following aids can be used to alleviate pain: medications dispensing cups and pill cutter for dispensing and preparing meds, heat packs as the non-pharmacological intervention of relieving pain.

11. What is the principle for health assessment?

1. An accurate and timely health assessment: provides a foundation for nursing care and intervention.
2. All documentation should be objective, accurate, clear, concise, specific and current.
3. Information gathered from health assessment should be communicated to other health care professionals in order to facilitate collaborative management of clients and for continuity of care.

12. How can EN assist a person in activities of daily living? Give examples of 3 aids that you can use for the same. Can assist in all ADL’s as per care needs of clients by assessing care needs utilising observational and communication skills, helping physically with personal care needs, mobility, and transfers. Utilizing the following equipment. Slide sheets, pat slide, lifting and standing machine during transfers, wheelchair. The following aids can be used to alleviate pain: medications dispensing cups and pill cutter for dispensing and preparing meds, heat packs as the non-pharmacological intervention of relieving pain.

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