HPS104 - Foundation of Psychological Science - Psychology Assignment Help

Assignment Task

INSTRUCTIONS
The worksheet. This worksheet contains the instructions for the assignment along with the questions you need to answer. Use this worksheet to record your ideas, working out/rationale, and answers to each of the questions and tasks. You can complete the worksheet in your own time and/or in the relevant Seminar.  
The weblink. After you complete your worksheet please then transcribe your responses to the weblink provided in the Assignments folder in Resources (Cloud). Uploading your responses will allow me to process your answers and provide you with feedback more quickly, allowing you to resubmit later that same week if you achieve less than a credit grade for it. 

CONCEPTS TO MASTER
You will need to understand and apply the following concepts in order to complete this assessment. 

Identifying a research design suitable to a research question
Identifying a study description consistent with a research design
Internal and external validity
Multi-variable research
Hypotheses
Mediation and Moderation

OPERATIONALISING VARIABLES AND IDENTIFYING YOUR DESIGN OPTIONS

You need to consider various research designs that could address the question of whether an adolescent’s participation in football is relevant to their cognitive decline later in life. In considering these designs, you need to take into account not just whether the design is valid – internally, externally, conceptually – but whether it recognises the ethical and feasibility constraints of this kind of research question. 

Oh, and you also need to think about how you might operationalise your variables. To operationalise football playing during adolescence you decide to use the Football Playing Questionnaire (FPQ) that can be completed by children currently and/or by adults retrospectively. It uses Likert scales to measure how often they play/played football during their adolescence. For convenience, particularly given that you might not have direct access to the participants themselves, you opt for a self-report measure of cognitive decline – the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q). 

QUESTION 1
[select all four correct potential designs in order to earn TWO marks for this question]
Keeping in mind the ethical and feasibility constraints of research of this nature, identify which four designs could be used to address the question of whether playing football in adolescence is relevant to cognitive decline in adulthood. (Select four designs, and remember, the important question to ask here is whether the independent (predictor/causal) variable can actually be manipulated realistically and ethically!)

QUESTION 2
[answer all questions correctly in order to earn THREE marks for this question]
What is/are potential advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of the four valid designs you chose in Question 1? (you can select more than one option)

Good external validity because the researcher is measuring the natural behaviour and choices of participants
Poor internal validity because the researcher has little to no control over the independent (causal/predictor) variable – they cannot randomly assign participants to different levels of this independent variable because doing so would not be feasible or ethical!
Ethical because the researcher minimises the risk of inconveniencing, interfering with, or causing distress to participants in the study.
QUESTION 3
[match the designs with their corresponding implementation in order to earn FIVE marks for this question]
Select from the list below a description of how each of the designs could be implemented as an actual study. How to indicate which design matches which implementation? For the worksheet, you might want to draw a line connecting each design with its corresponding implementation. For the weblink, you’ll record your responses using dropdown menus.
QUESTION 4
[match all five implementations with a corresponding alternative hypothesis in order to earn FIVE marks for this question]
Match each implementation to its corresponding alternative hypothesis. As usual, this hypothesis needs to be conceptually valid, cover all relevant variables, be logical and clear. How to indicate which implementation matches which hypothesis? For the worksheet, you might want to draw a line connecting each implementation with its corresponding hypothesis. For the weblink, you will use dropdown menus.

QUESTION 5
Brain scans aren’t effective at revealing the kind of micro damage to the brain one would expect from concussive injuries due to playing sport and they can’t tell you when the brain damage occurred. So you opt instead to operationalize brain damage using a self-report measure of concussive episodes. You decide to adapt the Graded Symptom Checklist (GSC) – a self-report measure to determine if a person has suffered a concussion (it is usually given to athletes immediately after an incident but can be used retrospectively as well) – to estimate total number of concussive episodes experienced during adolescence. 

Now we are really in a position to ask questions about the nature of the relationship between playing football in adolescence and experiencing cognitive decline in adulthood. The following statements describe various ways in which the three variables of interest might be related to each other. Identify the type of relationship or ‘path’ that is being described in each statement.

[correctly identify whether each statement refers to a direct, mediated, or moderated relationship in order to earn FIVE marks for this question]

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