HSH746/HSH946: Biostatistics - Pain Intensity - Systolic Blood Pressure - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Questions
Read the following data description and answer questions 1 to 6.
The table below presents the results of a clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a daily dose of a new pain relief drug in patients with chronic arthritis. A scale of 0-100mm (higher values indicating higher pain) was used to rate pain intensity over the course of the day. Each participant took either 10mg of the new drug or placebo each day for 10 days and participants were blind to which treatment they were taking. The table below gives the average maximum intensity scores for the 10 days on the new drug and 10 days on the placebo. The aim is to see if the maximum pain intensity is lower on days when the new pain relief drug is taken. 
The samples have been selected to be statistically independent of each other. Our task is to decide if the mean pain intensity score for the new drug is lower on days when this drug is taken.

1. Complete the following table for the variable pain intensity score. Quote numbers other than sample size to 1 decimal place.
2. Assuming that the distribution of the pain intensity score is symmetric and approximately normally distributed, what distribution would you use to calculate confidence intervals for mean pain intensity score for the new drug and placebo?
    
3. Calculate an estimate of the difference in mean pain intensity score between the new drug and placebo and the associated 95% confidence interval to 2 decimal places and give its interpretation in words. State the appropriate statistical test(s) to use and give reasons why 

4. What does this confidence interval tell you about the mean pain intensity score for the new drug and placebo? 

5. The data set also records whether the patient experienced side effects from the drug. Calculate to 2 decimal places the proportion of the participants in the new drug group who experienced side effects and the proportion of participants in the placebo group who experienced side effects. Can we calculate confidence intervals for the proportion of participants that experienced side effects in each drug group using the normal distribution? Why? 

6. Calculate an estimate of the difference in the proportion of participants that experienced side effects between the new drug group and the placebo group and the associated 95% confidence interval to 2 decimal places. What does this tell us about any differences in the proportion of participants that experienced side effects between the two drug groups? 
A sub-set of the Framingham data will be used to answer questions 7 to 9
Read the data description A2_framingham data description and use the data set A2_framingham.csv to answer the following questions. 
7. The variable systolic blood pressure is skewed and has been transformed to logsys to correct the skewness.  Using data from period 1, formally test the statistical hypothesis that means log systolic blood pressure is different between those with healthy BMI and those with BMI in the overweight/obese range. Be sure to fully report the hypothesis test. Report all numbers to 2 decimal places except for degrees of freedom which are reported as whole numbers.

We have examined whether or not the mean log systolic blood pressure differs between those with healthy BMI and those who are overweight or obese. However, a more important question is whether or not the people who have a healthy BMI have a lower proportion at risk because of their blood pressure (Risk assumed when systolic blood pressure is greater than 140).  

8.Generate a new variable atrisk which takes the value of 1 as follows:
atrisk =1 if sysbp >140, and 0= otherwise
What is the proportion of participants in period 1 who are categorized as atrisk? Give your answer to 2 decimal places. 

9. We do a two-sample t-test to compare mean systolic blood pressure at period 1 with mean systolic blood pressure at period 3. 
Test whether the mean systolic blood pressure at period 1 is different to mean systolic blood pressure at period 3. You may make the assumption that the data for periods 1 and 3 are statistically independent. Be sure to fully report the hypothesis test. Report all numbers to 2 decimal places except for degrees of freedom which are reported as whole numbers. Have we proved (choose one)
a. The null hypothesis is true
b. The alternative hypothesis is true
c.Neither a. nor b. 
Give a reason for the response you have chosen above. 

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