HSH754 - Investigating the Nutritional Habits - Health Assessment Answer

HSH754 Investigating the Nutritional Habits Health Assessment Answer

Assessment Task:

Introduction

 This study presents the results from the data analysis; in this part, the descriptive statistics of the demographic information of the respondents will be first presented. The data is then presented using tables and figures. Stata software was used to analyze data. The research targeted individuals and their responses considered for the analysis. This was to capture the nutritional habits of international university students and their influence on weight, 49 respondents were randomly interviewed.

Research questions

1. Is the number of females who shop cook different form the number of males?
2. Doe working part-time or full time have an influence on the weight of the individuals?
3. Is there a difference in weight gain as a result of gender?
4. What is the distribution of students' willingness toward healthy eating?
5. Is there a correlation between opinion on healthy eating and the identity of students as either vegan, vegetarians or flesh-eaters?
6. What reason is most attributed to the weight change?
7. What is the relationship between the frequency of eating at least one cooked meal per day and weight change?
8. Does gender have an effect on avoidance of fried foods?
9. Is there a relationship between how much liquid the students drink per day and weight change?

Is there a relationship between flesh-eating, non-diet soda, Skipping meals and preference to eat fast-food or take-away, and eating  4 or more meals from sit-down or take out restaurants and weight change?

Objectives

1. To explore what their current dietary intake involves.
2. To discover if their current eating habits have affected their weight since arrival in Australia

Method

This section presents the techniques used to implement the objectives and solve the research questions listed. Various statistical analyses such as correlations, frequency tabulation, the t-test and chi-square test for association will be used the the data exploration and assessment of important relationships.

Results

This section presents the results fro the data analysis as performed in stata.

Descriptive statistics

Question 1; Is there a difference in weight gain as a result of gender?

To test whether there were remarkable differences in the tendency for weight change in males and females, the independent t-test was used. The null hypothesis was set that there was no difference in weight change as a result of gender.

Figure 1: Weight change due to gender

Figure 1 presents the results of the study in form of the t statistic and the p-values. The t-value is the critical value that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The p-value associated with the effect of gender was 0.0001, this value is highly significant at 0.05 levels and therefore leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. It is then concluded that there are indeed differences in weight change as a result of gender. The females are highly likely to experience a change in their weight as compared to the men.

Question 2; Does trying a healthy diet significantly vary across gender?

 To assess the effect of gender on the likelihood of respondents trying new healthy diets, the t-test was again used.  The null hypothesis was that changing diet is not affected by gender and therefore the difference across gender is zero. The p-value was 0.9108, providing sufficient evidence in support of the null hypothesis. I was concluded that the choice of a healthy diet is not influenced by being male or female.

Question 3; is there a link between avoidance of fried foods and gender?

The null hypothesis is set such that the mean difference in avoidance of fried is not significant for the males and female respondents. The t statistic is used to perform the test, the p-value is greater than the 0.05 levels which therefore provides sufficient evidence in support of the null hypothesis that mean difference in avoidance of fried is not significant for the males and female respondents is not significant. Therefore it would be appropriate to conclude that both the male and female respondents would avoid or prefer fried food with more or less equal measures.

Question 4: Does age influence the consumption of fried foods?

The p-value for the effect of age on fried food avoidance was 0.000, this value is highly significant at 0.05 levels. The test therefore implies that the mean fried food avoidance rate varies across different ages of students.

abulation of eathealthy 

The bar plot of the weight change vs the work status presents a trend that those who are working are the most at risk of weight increase.

Correlations between lifestyle and weight change

Correlation analysis is widely used in statistics to present the extent and the nature of the relationship between variables.  It measures the extent of correspondence between the ordering of two random variables.  Correlation and regression have a great resemblance but vary in the sense that regression may show causation but correlation only tells us whether two variables are related to each other Cohen (2014).  Correlation is the strength of a relationship between two variables where a strong, or high, correlation is an indication that two or more variables have a strong relationship with each other while a weak or low correlation means that the variables have a slight relationship. The scatter diagram is of tremendous help when trying to describe the type of relationship existing between two variables. 

The table above presents the correlation coefficients between the various student attribute and how it related to their weight. It was noted that the was a negative correlation between willingness to healthy diet, keeping low sugar intake, avoiding fried foods, work type whereby office workers had low weight gain and the overall factor weight gain. It, therefore, implies that students who reduce sugar intake is willing to embrace a healthy diet and is not a part-time workers are less likely to experience weight gain.   The results indicated that those students who often used pastries recorded an increase in their weight.

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