Income Support - Poverty Alleviation - Income Maintenance - Social Science Assignment Help

ASSIGNMENT TASK:

TASK:

Learning objectives

Engagement with this chapter will assist students to do the following:

• ARTICULATE a comprehensive understanding of poverty, inequality and social exclusion 
•  LOCATE the contested concepts of welfare within a policy domain 
•  IDENTIFY ch anging manifestations by governments of the contested concepts of welfare 
•  CRITIQUE income support policy in relation to its impact on people's lived experiences 
•  RECOGNISE the complex role human services professionals play in the alleviation of poverty and disadvantage

ALL ADVANCED COUNTRIES provide some form of financial support (often with conditions attached) for people who are unable to support themselves - for example, due to being unemployed or older, caring for a dependent or having disability. Income support systems use a variety of methods to redistribute resources. These include taking from citizens who are better off to give to those less well off, in a Robin Hood function; using an insurance function within an individual's lifetime;
and sharing resources between demographic groups such as distribution between generations or taking from people without children to give to those with children). While most systems use a mix of benefits types in supporting the various categories
of people in need of them, the types emphasised vary significantly from country to country and within countries over time.

Contested measures of poverty

Australian studies have indicated that there is no nationwide consensus on how i:to me!asure and record poverty, much less do something about it. But as the ! .I!; , Australian government's welfare support has been largely based on financial need as an eligibility criterion and thus aims for poverty alleviation rather than income f~Placement, it is necessary to discover how poverty and need are measured. · · Poverty can be conceived as either absolute or relative, but each of these concepts
is imprecise. One school of thought takes people to be suffering absolute poverty if the cost of the minimum amount of food, clothing and shelter necessary for survival uses .all their income to the extent that they live a precarious existence. The World 'Health Organization defined absolute poverty in this way for its worldwide measure of income, which in 2013 declared that US$2 per day was the minimum amount at which'a person could access adequate nutrition and shelter and below which a persoh would suffer absolute poverty (WHO 2013).

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