Highlights
INTRODUCTION - People with different cultural background can convey messages to each other through intercultural communication (Ahrndt, 2020, p.16). Miscommunication might happen because of the differences in each nation’s culture. In order to minimize this, and to communicate effectively, theories from Hofstede, House and Hall was utilized to prepare for XYZ company’s expansion into Colombia, Germany and Japan.
Geert Hofstede’s theories includes six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long Term Orientation versus Short Term Orientation and Indulgence versus Restraint. Power Distance refers to how people with less influence in a society have accepted that power is not dispersed equally. Individualism is described as a dimension wherein one only looks after themselves and their relatives, while collectivism looks after everyone and maintains harmony.
Masculinity versus Femininity does not necessarily refer to gender per se but how a community is more competitive in a masculine dimension, and how cooperation and caring for the weak is more important in a feminine perspective. Uncertainty Avoidance cites how societies deals with the unknown, whether they are in control of what can happen or just let fate decide.
Long Term Orientation deals with how members of a society save for the future, thus being more practical, while Short Term Orientation might be more resistant to change and is more likely focused on the past and present. Indulgence relates to how a culture enjoys time that is afforded to them. Restraint on the other hand, refers to how a culture might restrict themselves from having fun (“Hofstede Insights,” n.d.). Edward Hall states that there are two types of cultures when it comes to communication: High-Context Culture and Low-Context Culture.
People from highcontext cultures place more emphasis on building personal relationships and values it. They spend more time knowing the people that they’re doing business with. On the contrary, low-context cultures favors what is being said and separates personal life from professional life (Tero Trainers, 2016). These two theories are used in this report to identify and reduce the risks that might be caused by intercultural communication, so that XYZ can successfully establish their business in other countries.
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