Introduction to Epidemiology - Frequency of Syphilis in a Remote Australian Community - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Question 1:
In 2004, a study investigated the frequency of syphilis in a remote Australian community a total of 132 people participated in the study. A serological tests to diagnose cases of early syphilis were conducted for each participant during 2004. Two cases were identified. The researchers followed those at risk for another year, and during this time frame another person was diagnosed.
(a) What was the prevalence of syphilis in 2004?

(b) What was the prevalence of syphilis among study participants at the end of 2005 Assume no loss to follow-up. 

(c) What was the cumulative incidence of Syphilis over the study period? 

(d) It appeared that not all the people at risk were followed for the entire year (2005). In fact only 65 people were followed for 12 months, 5 participants were followed for 10 months, 22 were followed for 7 months, 8 were followed for 6 months, 15 for 4 months and another 15 for 2 months. Calculate the person-time of observation

(e) What was the incident rate of syphilis during 2005.

(f) Assuming syphilis has no cure (which is not correct if detected early!) and the incidence rate of syphilis in the community remained constant what should happen to the prevalence of syphilis in this cohort over time?

Question 2:
“Calculate the rates specified below (a to c), using the following information about the black population of the United States in 2000 (numbers were modified to simplify calculations) “( be careful to use the correct denominator)

• Average population size 28 million, including 7.2 million women aged 15-44.
• There were 13 million men in this population.
• Live births: 600,000
• Fetal deaths: 4380
• Death in the first week of life: 6120
• Death in the first 28 days of life (excluded first week): 960
• Death in the first year of life (excluding in the first 28 days): 3900
• Total deaths in the population: 230,000
• Deaths from heart diseases: 75,000, of those 45,000 occurred among men aged 35 years and above

a) What is the fetal mortality rate?

(b) What is post-neonatal mortality rate?

(c) What is the sex -specific mortality rate from heart disease

Question 3:

“The following table relates to male suicide in the NSW, stratified by quintile of socio-economic status (SES). (Only the lowest and highest SES groups are shown)”

(a) “Calculate the crude suicide incidence rate (per 10,000) for the lowest SES quintile and the highest SES quintile. What did you find? (i.e., summarise the results in your own words not more than 40 words.” [4 marks]

(b) “Calculate the direct age-standardised suicide incidence rate (per 10,000) for the lowest SES quintile and the highest SES quintile using USA year 2000 as
the standard population.” [4 marks] If you copy and paste from excel to here you need to explain the calculations at least for the first row; the final answer (age-standerdised rate) should not be embedded within the Table”.

(c) “did standardization made any differences to your conclusion based on the crude- rate difference, if not explain why? if yes, explain why.”

Question 4:
(a) “What is the study type that generated this figure and what was the research question?”

(b) “What are the key features that led you to this choice”

.(c) What is the main message from this graph, in your own words?

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