Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Assignment

Assignment Task

Purpose

In determining which drug is right for which person, it is first important to understand the differences between the drugs and their pharmacological parameters. This assessment requires you to COMPARE and CONTRAST the PK and PD parameters of two drugs that can be used within the same therapeutic indication to treat a definitive disease, injury, or condition.

Task

Using the template that is provided COMPARE and CONTRAST the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of TWO (2) drugs to identify any differences that may influence their use/choice within a specific therapeutic indication for patients/clients.

To do this, choose two drugs either from two different drug families (e.g. ACE Inhibitor - captopril vs Thiazide Diuretic - bendrofluazide) or from within the same drug family (e.g. Opioids - morphine vs oxycodone) that you wish to learn more about. The two drugs chosen must be therapeutic options that can be used within the same therapeutic indication (e.g. Uncomplicated hypertension and comparison of captopril vs
bendrofluazide; or severe acute pain management and comparison of the opioids morphine vs oxycodone).

You can choose any two drugs, but they must be therapeutic options that
can be used as first choice options or as a primary with secondary add- on for the same therapeutic indication to treat a definitive

A critical pharmacological comparison of [specify a specific like-for-like route for comparison e.g. IV/oral/other] [drug A] compared to [drug B] as pharmacotherapy for [therapeutic indication] within

1. Your area of practice (e.g. Renal, Respiratory, Well Child, Diabetes, etc.) and your workplace location (e.g. PHC, ICU, ED, Secondary School, etc.)

Executive Summary

• Introduce both drugs, the indication in which they are both treatment options and the setting in which they are used.
• Provide a clear rationale for the choice/relevance of drugs to clinical practice.
• Identify any existing current peer-reviewed clinical guidelines or clinical guidance on the choice of the drug(s) for the specific indication and client in this setting (e.g. are they both considered first-line?). If none, include a comment on this.
• State the purpose of the comparison e.g. This comparative analysis aims to investigate the similarities and differences that may influence the choice of drug for a specific therapeutic indication from a critical comparison of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, and adverse effects of each drug.

Paragraph

For each study (if 2xRCT) Paragraph 2 & 3 OR ONE SR/Meta - concisely/succinctly Paragraph 2 report each study systematically using the PICO framework (see 

• Who Population/patient/problem What are the characteristics of the patient or population (demographics, risk factors, pre-existing conditions, etc)? What is the condition or disease of interest?
• What is the Intervention under consideration for this patient or population? i.e. drug 
• What Comparison, what is the alternative to the intervention (e.g. placebo, different drug, surgery)? i.e. drug B
• Knowledge generated Outcome - superior/non-inferior (e.g. pain, fatigue, nausea, infections, death). Include the effect size and significance of most relevant outcome.

CASE VIGNETTE

Include a brief, fully anonymous, patient-specific vignette of information that is relevant to the prescription of the drug at a specific point in time at which the client presents

A brief description/history of the presentation (only include essential relevant medical (e.g. concomitant conditions, allergies); social (e.g. alcohol, smoking); family history (e.g. CV risk) State the diagnosis that justifies the use of the drug that is the focus of the report (Note: do not spend time justifying or explaining the rationale for the diagnosis or differential diagnoses this is not the focus of the report)
Key symptoms/examinations (e.g. BP, pulse, etc) and investigations relevant to the client and drug prescribed include reference ranges and annotate/comment on remarkable results (e.g. Laboratory tests).

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