John Case Study - Metabolic Pathways Processes - Chemistry Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

TASK: Choose one (1) topic from the following list: 

1. In the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically. The rise in obesity is thought to correlate with the increased intake of added sugar and/or the large-scale consumption of “junk food”. As a student of Chemistry and Biochemistry you have been asked to explain why John, who is 18 years old, is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. John consumes a large amount of fried chips (carbohydrate rich meal) with most meals and weighs 40 kg more than the recommended weight for his age. In your explanation, outline the processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrate. 

I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the carbohydrate rich meals that John consumes.

II. Explain how John’s over-consumption of carbohydrate rich meals has caused him to become obese (excess fat stored in the adipose tissue) and why he is now at risk of developing type II diabetes by: 

• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and condition(s) are linked 

• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1  

2. After excessive vomiting and difficulty breathing a six-week-old baby was rushed to intensive care unit. Pathology results showed the baby was suffering from hyperammonemia and had a positive nitrogen balance (higher level of nitrogen than in a healthy individual). As a student of biochemistry use your knowledge to explain the possible causes of the baby’s condition. Support your explanation by referring to the milk protein diet of the baby particularly focusing on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of protein. 

I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the protein consumed by the baby on the milk protein diet.

II. Explain how the baby’s hyperammonemia condition is linked to the baby’s positive nitrogen balance by: 

• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and condition(s) are linked 

• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1 

3. The average adult requires approximately 8700 kilojoules per day to provide the energy needed to power the processes that maintain the body. An untreated diabetic individual is dependent on triacylglycerol (TAG) as the primary energy source, as these individuals are unable to bring glucose inside their cell to begin the carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Outline the metabolic pathways and processes required to digest, absorb and metabolism the TAG lipid. 

As a student of biochemistry use your knowledge to explain why an individual who is unable to metabolise glucose (untreated diabetic) will in time be unable to derive energy from lipid, and instead utilise ketone bodies as their primary energy source. 

I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the TAG lipid consumed in dietary fats and oils, as well as the generation of ketone bodies. 

II. Explain why untreated diabetics produce such high levels of ketone bodies, which places them at risk of ketoacidosis by: 

• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and condition(s) are linked 

• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the metabolic pathways/processes

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