Highlights
Motors are used in different places of our livelihood like in houses, in computers and in cars. Since the supply voltage is usually AC, DC motors have limited application in ordinary works. However, in steel mills, mines, elevators, lathes, drills, cranes, boring mills, shapers, spinning & weaving machines, sewing machines, electric traction, air compressor, vacuum cleaner etc. DC motors are commonly used converting alternating current. The superiority of DC motors over AC motors are the speed/torque characteristics. This is why for industrial applications DC motors are popular like three-phase induction motors. The speed controlling of DC motors has much more importance due to their sophisticated applications. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by designing an analogue speed control system or a digital speed control system.
Software based speed control of a DC motor has much popularity but in order to run that software microprocessor, programmable logic controller, digital signal processor (DSP) are used. With the increase of system size and complexity; application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) are utilized. Manufacturing process of ASIC takes several months before it can be used after testing. With the passage of time, digital controllers are taking new shapes and in this connection field programmable gate array (FPGA) comes into action. In FPGA logic functions are implemented like components connected in bread boards for testing. FPGAs are often used for prototyping because of their short time for programming and insertion into board. Since high-end FPGAs have millions of gates so they have significant advantages over ASICs. Designing a FPGA is not only easy but also, they have lower development costs and possibility to speed products to market.
FPGAs are also superior to the software-based controllers due to their compactness, reduced power consumption and high speed. Moreover, due to the parallel processing capabilities FPGAs are used for many complex system implementations ranging from pattern recognition to security algorithms which have complex architecture. Design a speed controlling system of a DC motor. It uses a mechanical switch to change the width of the PWM wave to control the speed of the DC motor. design and implement of a pulse width modulation (PWM) based DC motor controller using FPGA.
This system should be a closed loop system so, if there is any change in the speed of a DC motor compared to the reference speed the controller will automatically change the speed by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
The basic steps of the design process are as follows:
Define the problem
Collect information on the problem
Analyse possible solutions
Build a solution to your problem
Test your design
Improve your design
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