LIBS 7006 : Philosophy of Science Report Writing - Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Answers to questions in this section should be one paragraph or about four sentences in length.
1. (4 marks) Give one specific example of each of the four “Idols of the Mind” cited by Francis Bacon. Choose examples that might conceivably lead to unwarranted conclusions in a scientific enterprise. Point form is acceptable for this question only.
2. (4 marks) In lecture we discussed why Karl Popper and Imre Lakatos considered Freudian psychoanalysis to be a pseudoscience. However, at the time when they were writing their views about psychoanalysis, neither of them was aware of Freud’s “Project for a Scientific Psychology.” Would they have given this project more credit than psychoanalysis for constituting science? Be specific about the reasons why, from a Popperian perspective, the “Project for a Scientific Psychology” would or would not be considered science.
3. (4 marks) It was claimed in lecture that, in the early twentieth century, the budding science of psychology was driven to adopt behaviorist theories because the prevailing philosophical view at the time was logical positivism. What specifically about the project of the logical positivists might have had this consequence and why might it have affected the science of psychology more than other sciences?
4. (4 marks) In the excerpt from “The Logic of Scientific Discovery” discussed in lecture, Popper claims that his criterion of falsifiability removes Hume’s objection to the validity of induction. Is his claim warranted? Why or why not?

Answers to questions in this section should be more developed, about two paragraphs in length.

1. (6 marks) Explain why Hume feels that the use of induction is logically unjustified and what relevance his concerns have for science.
2. (6 marks) Discuss two ways in which falsifiability has been criticized as a criterion for science. Illustrate your points, where possible, with examples from the lectures or the history of science generally.
3. (6 marks) Explain the Paradox of the Ravens (Hempel’s Paradox) and what one might conclude from it about the verificationist program of the logical positivists. Start from the premise that “all ravens are black” and be explicit about each of the other premises that you introduce.
4. (6 marks) Discuss when, if ever, ad hoc additions should be allowed for theories that appear to have been falsified by the results of a particular experiment. Feel free to present your own view or to adopt the perspective of one of the philosophers of science we have discussed. Either way, be specific about when they should be allowed and a.

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