LING390 - Linguistics - Language X - Assessment Answer

Linguistics - Language X Assessment Answer

Assessment Task:

Carefully examine the data from Language X, then complete the questions below. You may assume that each of the 66 words has a different meaning in Language X. 

QUESTIONS: 

1. Place all consonant phones of Language X on a phonetic chart similar to the IPA chart. 

2. Place all vowel phones of Language X on a vowel chart similar to the IPA chart. 

3. The consonant data contains five minimal pairs. List all of these and explain what these pairs of words mean in terms of the relevant consonants’ status in Language X’s phonology. 

4. Carefully examine the phonetically similar consonants of Language X which you could not find minimal pairs for, and list the phonetic environments for each. 

5. Examine the distribution of the consonants you listed in Q4. You will conclude that some of the sounds belong to separate phonemes. Give these sounds and provide your evidence.  

6. After examining the consonant distributions, you will conclude that some sounds are just allophones of the same phoneme. Give these sounds and provide your evidence. 

7. Based on your answer to Q6, provide generalizations about what consonant phenomena are allophonic in Language X. Give five statements. (Hint: These will be the five phonological rules that affect consonants in the language. Again, you listed the environments for individual segments, but think in terms of natural classes when generalizing the patterns. E.g., if you found that [ph] is a word-initial allophone of /p/, and [th] is a word-initial allophone of /t/ etc, you would state the generalization that voiceless plosives are aspirated word-initially in Language X. Describe these rules only in prose here.) 

8. Give an IPA rule and a distinctive feature notation rule for each of the five rules you described in Q7. (Hint: The IPA rule should include all relevant symbols. Make sure to not include redundant features in the feature rules.) 

9. The vowel data contains a minimal pair and a minimal triplet. List all of these and explain what these pairs of words mean in terms of the relevant vowels’ status in Language X’s phonology. 

10. Carefully examine the phonetically similar vowels of Language X which you could not find minimal pairs for, and list the phonetic environments for each. 

11. Examine the distribution of the vowels you listed in Q10. You will conclude that some of the sounds belong to separate phonemes. Give these sounds and provide your evidence. (Hint: mention the type of distribution.) 

12. After examining the vowel distributions, you will conclude that some sounds are just allophones of the same phoneme. Give these sounds and provide your evidence. (Hint: mention the type of distribution, including the conditioning environment.) 

13. Based on your answer to Q12, provide generalizations about what vowel phenomena are allophonic in Language X. Give two statements. (Hint: These will be the two rules that affect vowels in the language. Again, you listed the environments for individual segments, but think in terms of natural classes when generalizing the patterns. E.g., if you found that [i:] is just an allophone of /i/ before a voiced consonant, and [a:] is an allophone of /a/ before a voiced consonant etc, you would state the generalization that vowels are lengthened before voiced consonants in Language X. Describe these vowel rules only in prose here.) 

14. Give an IPA rule and a distinctive feature notation rule for each of the two rules you described in Q13. (Hint: The IPA rule should include all relevant symbols. Make sure to not include redundant features in the feature rules.) 

15. Place all consonant phonemes of Language X on a phonemic chart similar to the IPA 

chart. (Hint: Make sure this table only includes the phonemes of the language.) 

16. Place all vowel phonemes of Language X on a phonemic vowel chart similar to the IPA. State the number of vowel phonemes. (Hint: Make sure this table only includes the phonemes 

of the language and no allophones!) 

17. Now that you have worked out the five rules targeting consonants, and the two rules targeting vowels, provide a derivation table including all seven rules for the following 5 words: (07) (10) (39) (40) (43) (Hint: Put all in one table. Make sure to use the right brackets. Include the name of each rule. The order of the rules does not matter here.)

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