Lymphocytes - Immune System - Parathyroid Hormone - Adrenal Glands - Haemophilia - Health Assessment Answer

Lymphocytes -  Immune System - Parathyroid Hormone - Health Assessment Answer

Assessment Task:

QUESTION 1

Which type of immunity is expressed in the following scenarios? Choose between:
•    Non-specific (first-line defence)
•    Non-specific (second-line defence)
•    Specific (antibody-mediated) 
•    Specific (cell-mediated immunity)

QUESTION 2

Choose TWO of the below scenarios and highlight these rows bold.  State which general property of adaptive immunity the scenario illustrates in the second column. Select ONE phrase (from the list below) that BEST describes what is happening at a cellular level to result in this property of adaptive immunity. Write the letter corresponding to this phrase in the third column.  An example is included. 

QUESTION 3

Which bone cells would be MOST affected by an absence of parathyroid hormone?  In your answer, you must explain the relationship between these cells and any subsequent effect upon blood calcium levels.  

QUESTION 4

Define hypertrophy and use an example to explain how this term relates to skeletal muscle tissue.  

QUESTION 5

Think about how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system acts to maintain normal blood pressure. Susan has sustained damage to her adrenal glands.  Consequently, her circulating levels of aldosterone are abnormally low.   What do you expect the lack of aldosterone to do to Susan’s blood pressure? Explain your answer. 

QUESTION 6

Tasma is enjoying a night out at the pub with her friends.  It is well established that alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH.  Explain how this will affect her urine output. 

QUESTION 7

Haemophilia is the oldest known hereditary bleeding disorder.  Explain why haemophilia is more commonly seen in males. 

QUESTION 8

Describe the changes in volume and pressure inside the chest cavity during a normal, quiet inhalation. 

A.    Explain why these changes are occurring, and the effect upon airflow. 

B.    Is quiet inhalation an active process?  Briefly explain your answer. 

QUESTION 9

A.    Complete the below table of partial pressures in internal respiration.

B.    Use to the figures above to explain how differences in partial pressures drive the direction of gas movement between the tissues and blood. 

QUESTION 10

A person with type O blood has been involved in a car accident and excessive bleeding necessitates a blood transfusion.  Due to an error by a careless laboratory technician, the person is given type B blood.  Explain what will happen. 

QUESTION 11

Explain how baroreceptors are involved in a situation where a short period of widespread vasoconstriction has been detected.  How do these receptors then assist the body to respond to the situation?  

QUESTION 12

Glucose and protein (e.g. albumin) are substances normally found in the blood.  For each of these molecules, answer the following questions in the table below. Assume you are discussing what happens in a healthy person.  
a)    Describe what happens to each substance at the glomerulus. Explain why/why not the substance will move into the tubule system.
b)    If the substance moves into the tubule system, describe what happens to the substance along with the tubule system. Explain why
c)    Do you expect to find each substance in the urine? Explain why or why not.

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